论政府对第三方支付机构的监管

发布时间：2018-04-04 23:09

本文选题：第三方支付机构　切入点：监管政策　出处：《复旦大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着电子支付体系的逐步完善和电子商务的星火燎原,传统的银行业所能提供的电子支付早已不能满足电子商务灵活快捷的支付需求。于是第三方支付机构应运而生,自2003年至今,在十年时间内由最初的几家发展成为三百多家。第三方支付在电子商务领域支付份额在逐年提升的同时,在整体社会消费品零售总额中的占比也不断增加,市场交易规模以千亿元计算。尽管发展迅速,但从事金融业务的“灰色”身份一直困扰着第三方支付机构,这些机构从事着代收款、付款、担保、结算、虚拟账户等金融服务的功能,但一直被排除在金融监管体系之外。第三方支付机构自身所存在的大额沉淀资金衍生收益的归属问题、信用卡虚假套现风险、洗钱活动的风险、信息安全与网络系统安全问题、法律合规问题等等一系列的问题,都因为无政策监管而无从解决。针对第三方支付机构进行政策监管的呼声一直很高,第三方支付机构也并未体会到“环境宽松”的好处。也正是因为模糊的法律地位,所以第三方支付行业尽管有着高额的研发投入,是名副其实的“高新科技”行业,但是也无法享受足够的政策优惠。以支付宝为代表的主要第三方支付机构也一直在呼吁有关部门能够尽快制定更明确的法规,以获得被国家认可的合法身份。在各方期盼中,一系列的第三方支付监管政策终于在2010年开始浮出水面。自2010年6月颁布《非金融机构支付服务管理办法》之后,围绕第三方支付的一系列政府监管政策及行业管理办法陆续出台,这包括《非金融机构支付服务管理办法实施细则》、《支付机构互联网支付业务管理办法征求意见稿》。同时,监管机构开始向符合条件的第三方机构颁发《支付业务许可证》,中国支付清算协会也应约成立。这些监管政策的出台,意味着我国第三方支付行业监管的基本原则已经确立,第三方支付行业正式迈入“监管时代”,使得第三方支付机构已成为继银行、保险、证券、信托、融资租赁之后的又一大监管类金融机构。虽然我国对于第三方支付行业的监管已经进入“深水区”,但政府的职能如何合理的运用,如何在管理市场的同时,更多的把职能定位在培育市场,并更多地采用法律的和市场的手段对第三方支付市场进行监管,尽量减少计划和政策变化给第三方支付行业带来的冲击,从而逐步建立政府监管、行业自律、二者并重的监管体制,这一系列的问题,还是值得我们进一步深入地进行思考与探索。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the gradual improvement of the electronic payment system and the rapid development of electronic commerce, the electronic payment provided by the traditional banking industry has long been unable to meet the flexible and fast payment needs of electronic commerce.Since 2003, the third-party payment organizations have grown from the first few to more than 300 in ten years.While the share of third-party payment in the field of e-commerce is increasing year by year, the proportion of total retail sales of consumer goods in the whole society is also increasing, and the scale of market transactions is calculated as one hundred billion yuan.Despite the rapid growth, the "grey" identity of the financial business has plagued third-party payment agencies, which are engaged in the functions of financial services such as collection, payment, guarantee, settlement, virtual accounts, etc.But has been excluded from the financial regulatory system.Third party payment organizations themselves have a series of problems, such as the ownership of large amount of derivative proceeds of precipitated funds, the risk of false cash realization of credit cards, the risk of money laundering, the security of information and network systems, the issue of legal compliance, and so on.Because there is no policy supervision and can not solve.There have been strong calls for policy regulation of third-party payment agencies, and third-party payment agencies have failed to appreciate the benefits of "environmental easing."It is precisely because of the vague legal status that the third-party payment industry, despite its high R & D investment, is a "high-tech" industry worthy of its name, but it is unable to enjoy sufficient policy incentives.Major third-party payment agencies, represented by Alipay, have also been calling on authorities to enact clearer rules as soon as possible in order to obtain a legal status recognized by the state.Amid expectations, a series of third-party payments regulations finally began to surface in 2010.Since the promulgation of the measures for the Administration of payment Services of Non-Financial institutions in June 2010, payments have been made around third parties.A series of government supervision policies and industry management measures have been issued one after another, including the "rules for the implementation of the measures for the Administration of payment Services of Non-Financial institutions" and the "draft for soliciting opinions on the Administration of Internet payment Business of payment institutions".At the same time, regulators began issuing payment licenses to eligible third parties, and the China payment Clearing Association should be established.The introduction of these regulatory policies means that the basic principles of the regulation of the third-party payment industry in China have been established, and the third-party payment industry has formally entered the "regulatory era", which has made the third-party payment organization become a successor to banks, insurance, securities and trusts.Financial leasing after another major regulatory financial institutions.Although our country's supervision of third-party payment industry has entered the "deep water area", how to use the functions of the government reasonably, how to manage the market, and how to position the function more in the cultivation market at the same time.And more legal and market means are used to supervise the third-party payment market, so as to minimize the impact of plan and policy changes on the third-party payment industry, so as to gradually establish government supervision and industry self-discipline.This series of problems is worth our further thinking and exploration.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D630;F724.6;F832.2

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