浙江民企集群对外投资优势及支持政策研究

发布时间：2018-04-06 22:30

本文选题：民营企业　切入点：对外直接投资　出处：《宁波大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济高速发展，具备跨国对外直接投资能力的企业越来越多。但截至2009年，对外投资的主体依然是大型国有企业，占全国企业数量95%的中小民营企业在跨国投资的道路上困难重重。引导民企集群对外投资，发挥集群优势，降低投资风险，成为促进民营企业走出去的新途径。本文用产业集聚相关理论，借鉴迈克尔波特对国家竞争优势分析方法来研究民企对外直接投资的集群优势形成机理。结果显示集群对外直接投资可以给企业从成本、创新、专业化资源、信息、区位品牌和规模性六大方面带来优势。说明通过集群对外直接投资可以降低投资风险，提高企业竞争优势，增加企业走出去的成功率。在此基础上对浙江民营企业对外投资进行调查和验证。分别使用案例分析和调查问卷法探寻企业走出去的现状、特征和问题。面向浙江温州、台州、宁波镇海区和宁海县四个地区的民营企业进行问卷调查，回收178份有效问卷。发现虽然浙江省境外企业数量居全国首位，占全国近三分之一，，浙江拥有的集群对外直接投资的载体平台—境外经贸合作区数量也是全国最多的，但是绝大部分并不是集群走出去，境外合作区内的浙江省民企也不多。为了探讨影响民营企业对外投资的因素，了解民企对外投资的真实诉求，文章对调查问卷所得的数据进行深入分析。发现绝大部分民企都有对外投资意愿，但是高达82%的民企都在担忧走出去之后资金融资问题；79%的民企希望政府能够有切实的优惠扶持政策帮助企业成功走出去；66%的民企重视身边同行对外直接投资的经验和评价；64%的民企对境外合作区信息不够了解；此外浙江民企对产品创新力和国际化人才方面不够重视，忽略了集群的长远优势，暴露出了民企逐利的短视行为。以上发现的这些因素都制约着民企对外直接投资。而集群的六大优势则相应的满足了民企走出去的利益诉求，集群的优势可以促进民企对外投资发展，增加民企走出去的成功率。最后，笔者从支持境外经贸合作区发展壮大，加快民企集群对外投资步伐的角度，依据民企的现实诉求，从宣传力度、专业化资源、创新能力资源、信息资源和新集群建设五个方面给出了具体的政策建议，以增强集群优势对民企走出去的促进作用。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our economy, there are more and more enterprises with the ability of transnational foreign direct investment (FDI).But as of 2009, the main body of foreign investment is still large state-owned enterprises, accounting for 95% of the number of small and medium-sized private enterprises in the road of transnational investment difficulties.It is a new way to promote the private enterprises to go out by guiding the private enterprises to invest abroad, giving play to the advantages of the cluster and reducing the investment risk.Based on the theory of industrial agglomeration, this paper studies the formation mechanism of FDI cluster advantage of private enterprises by using Michael Porter's analysis method of national competitive advantage.The results show that FDI can bring advantages to enterprises in terms of cost, innovation, specialized resources, information, regional brand and scale.It shows that FDI can reduce the investment risk, improve the competitive advantage of enterprises and increase the success rate of enterprises going out.On this basis, Zhejiang private enterprises foreign investment investigation and verification.Case analysis and questionnaire are used to explore the current situation, characteristics and problems of enterprises going out.A questionnaire survey was conducted for private enterprises in Wenzhou, Taizhou, Zhenhai and Ninghai, Zhejiang Province, and 178 valid questionnaires were collected.It is found that although the number of overseas enterprises in Zhejiang Province ranks first in the country and accounts for nearly 1/3 of the country, Zhejiang also has the largest number of overseas economic and trade cooperation zones, which are the carrier platforms for cluster outward direct investment.But the vast majority is not the cluster goes out, the foreign cooperation area Zhejiang Province private enterprise is also not many.In order to explore the factors that affect private enterprises' foreign investment and understand the true demand of private enterprises' foreign investment, the paper makes a deep analysis of the data obtained from the questionnaire.It is found that most private enterprises have the desire to invest abroad.But as many as 82 percent of private enterprises are worried about financing after going out. 79 percent of private enterprises hope that the government will have practical preferential support policies to help enterprises go out successfully. 66 percent of private enterprises attach importance to the foreign direct investment of their counterparts around them.64% of the private enterprises did not know enough about the information of the overseas cooperative areas.In addition, Zhejiang private enterprises pay less attention to product innovation and international talents, ignore the long-term advantages of the cluster, and expose the short-sighted behavior of pursuing profits by private enterprises.The above found these factors are restricting the foreign direct investment of private enterprises.The six advantages of the cluster meet the interests of private enterprises to go out, the advantages of the cluster can promote the development of foreign investment of private enterprises, and increase the success rate of private enterprises going out.Finally, from the point of view of supporting the development of overseas economic and trade cooperation zones and speeding up the foreign investment of private enterprise clusters, according to the realistic demands of private enterprises, from the aspects of propaganda, specialized resources, innovative ability resources,Five aspects of information resources and new cluster construction are given in order to enhance the advantages of the cluster to promote private enterprises to go out.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F276.5;F832.6

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