我国金融租赁业发展研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 19:30

本文选题：金融租赁 + 风险管控　；参考：《西南财经大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：金融租赁交易兼具“融资”与“融物”双重属性,承租人以分期支付租金流为条件而从出租人处获取实物流,从而达到“以物代租”的效果。因此,在租赁交易中,融物是手段、融资是目的,通过融物手段来达到融资目的。可以说,金融租赁的“融资融物”双重属性决定了它属于金融范畴,所以考察金融租赁业的发展问题,必须立于金融发展的大背景下。在中国,金融租赁属于舶来品,起初是作为利用外资的一种方式而被引进来。但长期以来,金融租赁业并没有引起社会公众及金融主管部门的重视,各种制度机制建设相对滞后。近些年来,随着我国金融业改革与深化发展,.已经沉寂了十多年的老行业——金融租赁业开始重新焕发生机。特别在2008年全球金融危机爆发之后,我国经济和金融环境的急剧变化,为金融租赁业的复兴创造了条件。在拉动内需,推动区域和产业经济结构调整,以及开启战略性投资的现实行动面前,信贷融资的运用空间已经非常有限,在产业融资方面的短板也愈发突出。作为全球范围内重要融资方式之一,金融租赁的引入可以有效弥补这两方面的缺陷。目前,金融租赁在飞机与船舶运输业、中小企业融资、境内外跨区域产业资本转移等方面的运用已经初见成效,其特有的产业金融功能优势也得到更深刻的发挥。相比改革开放初期它在利用外资方面的历史贡献,这个历经坎坷的金融子行业正在迎来新的发展时期。重新起步的金融租赁业还相当弱小,金融租赁在当前我国金融结构中的地位几乎微不足道。在西方发达国家,现代意义上的租赁业已有着近60年的历史,直至今天依然呈现着较快发展速度并在经济生活中发挥着十分重要的作用①。相比之下,它在我国金融结构中的发展空间以及对国民经济的潜在贡献,都还远远没有得到开发。面对新的历史契机与不断完善的制度建设,我国金融租赁业的发展已经开始书写新的篇章。本文以金融租赁市场的管理理论为指导,在全面阐述我国金融租赁业发展的金融背景的基础之上,分析了我国金融租赁业的历史沿革、发展现状、存在的问题,以及这些问题的形成原因；同时,文本遵循一般的金融风险评价理论,论述了我国租赁业发展过程中存在的诸多风险,并就这些风险进行了评价分析。然后,本文从创新和风险管控两个角度探讨了我国金融租赁业自身改革的路径选择。最后,根据我国当前金融市场所处的特定经济体制环境和自身发展的实际情况,本文又从制度建设、政策扶持等角度,提出促进我国金融租赁业发展的一系列措施。总体来看,本文可以分为四大部分。本文共七章,可分为四个层次,按照“提出问题—分析问题—解决问题”的逻辑思路而展开。第一层为第一-二章,为本文研究提供理论基础。第二层为第三章,属于“提出问题”部分。该章从宏观层面就我国金融租赁业发展的金融背景进行了探讨,分析认为,实现中国金融业的持续繁荣,必须关注金融结构的优化调整,而发展金融租赁业是优化金融结构并促进金融繁荣的重要手段,从而引出中国金融租赁发展问题研究。相应的,该章就我国金融租赁业的发展历史进行了探讨,总结了我国金融租赁业30年发展的成败及其被后的原因。在此基础上,本文就我国金融租赁业的现状问题进行了具体的分析,从而为制定发展策略奠定了基础。第三层为第四～五章,属于“分析问题”部分。其中,第四章从宏观角度出发,研究认为我国金融租赁业存在实力薄弱、发展滞后、与经济不匹配三大问题,而产生这些问题的原因是多方面因素共同造成的,如资金获取渠道狭窄、财税支持不足、制度不完善等。第五章从风险角度着手,在全面论述金融租赁风险生成机理、表现特征的基础上,利用递阶层次法就我国的金融租赁风险进行评价分析。第四层为第六-七章,属于“解决问题”部分。其中,第六章依托四、五两章的研究,认为我国金融租赁业的发展,必须强调创新和风控,故而本章从业务创新、运营模式创新和风险管控体系建设三个角度,论述了我国金融租赁业改革的方向。第七章是外围层次对我国金融租赁业改革提出相应建议,具体包括制度建设、财税支持政策；最后,本章还从发展面临的机遇、挑战及趋势三个角度,为我国金融租赁业发展提供了思路,可以认为是对全文的一个总结。
[Abstract]:Financial leasing trade has dual attributes of "financing" and "finance". The lessee obtains the real logistics from the lessor by paying rent flow by installment. Therefore, in the lease transaction, the finance is the means, financing is the purpose and the financial purpose is achieved through the means of finance. The dual attribute of "financing and financing" has decided it to belong to the financial category, so it is necessary to examine the development of financial leasing industry under the background of financial development. In China, financial leasing belongs to foreign goods and is introduced as a way of utilizing foreign capital at first. But for a long time, the financial leasing industry has not caused the society. The attention of the public and financial authorities has lagged behind the construction of various institutional mechanisms.
In recent years, with the reform and deepening of the financial industry in China, the financial leasing industry, which has been silent for more than 10 years, has begun to rejuvenate. After the outbreak of the global financial crisis in 2008, the rapid changes in the economic and financial environment in China have created conditions for the revival of the financial leasing industry. In the face of the adjustment of the economic structure of the industry and industry, and the realistic action to open the strategic investment, the use space of credit financing has been very limited, and the short board in the industry financing is becoming more and more prominent. As one of the important financing ways in the world, the introduction of financial leasing can effectively make up the defects of these two aspects. In the aircraft and ship transportation industry, the financing of small and medium enterprises and the transfer of industrial capital in the domestic and foreign countries have begun to come into being. The advantages of its unique industrial and financial functions are also more profound. Compared with the historical contribution of the early reform and opening up in the use of foreign capital, this bumpy financial sub industry is coming to a new stage. The period of development.
The financial leasing industry is still relatively weak, and the status of financial leasing in the current financial structure of our country is almost negligible. In the western developed countries, the leasing industry in the modern sense has had a history of nearly 60 years, until today it still presents a rapid development speed and plays a very important role in the economic life. The development space of the financial structure in China and the potential contribution to the national economy are far from being developed. In the face of the new historical opportunity and the continuous improvement of the system, the development of the financial leasing industry in China has begun to write a new chapter.
Guided by the management theory of the financial leasing market and on the basis of a comprehensive exposition of the financial background of the development of the financial leasing industry in China, this paper analyzes the historical evolution of the financial leasing industry in China, the status of its development, the existing problems, and the reasons for the formation of these problems. At the same time, the text follows the general financial risk assessment theory and discusses the theory of the financial leasing industry. These risks are evaluated and analyzed in the course of the development of the leasing industry in China. Then, this paper discusses the path choice of the reform of the financial leasing industry in China from two aspects of innovation and risk management. Finally, according to the actual situation of our current financial market and the actual situation of its own development This paper also puts forward a series of measures to promote the development of China's financial leasing industry from the perspective of system construction and policy support. Generally speaking, this article can be divided into four parts.
This paper consists of seven chapters, which can be divided into four levels according to the logical thinking of "asking questions, analyzing problems and solving problems".
The first level is the first chapter and the two chapter, which provides a theoretical basis for this study.
The second layer is the third chapter, which belongs to the "question" part. This chapter discusses the financial background of the development of the financial leasing industry in China from the macro level. The analysis holds that it is necessary to pay attention to the optimization and adjustment of the financial structure to realize the continuous prosperity of China's financial industry, and the development of financial leasing industry is a heavy financial structure and the promotion of financial prosperity. In order to lead to the study of the development of financial leasing in China, this chapter discusses the history of the development of the financial leasing industry in China, summarizes the success or failure of the 30 year development of the financial leasing industry in China and the reasons behind it. On this basis, this paper makes a concrete Analysis on the current situation of the financial leasing industry in China, so as to make a detailed analysis of the current situation of the financial leasing industry in China. The development strategy laid the foundation.
The third layer is fourth to five chapters, which belongs to the "analysis problem" part. Among them, the fourth chapter from the macro point of view, studies that the financial leasing industry in China has weak strength, lagging development and economic mismatch between three major problems, and the reasons for these problems are caused by many factors, such as narrow financing channels and financial and tax support. The fifth chapter starts from the risk point of view. On the basis of the comprehensive exposition of the mechanism of financial leasing risk generation and the performance characteristics, the risk of financial leasing in China is evaluated and analyzed by means of hierarchical method.
The fourth layer is sixth to seven chapters, which belongs to the "problem solving" part. Among them, the sixth chapter relies on the study of the four and 52 chapters. It is believed that the development of the financial leasing industry in China must emphasize innovation and wind control, so this chapter discusses the direction of the reform of the financial leasing industry in China from three angles of business innovation, operation mode innovation and risk management system construction. The seventh chapter is the corresponding suggestions on the reform of the financial leasing industry in our country, including the system construction and the fiscal and tax support policy. Finally, this chapter also provides a way of thinking for the development of the financial leasing industry in China from the three perspectives of the opportunities, challenges and trends that the development is facing, which can be considered as a summary of the full text.

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.49

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