河南省小微企业融资难问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 00:55

本文选题：小微企业 + 融资难　；参考：《河南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：截止2014年底,河南省共有小微企业39.8万家,创造了河南省GDP的50%,80%的新增就业,但同时,河南省银行业对小微企业贷款仅占各项贷款余额约28%。据河南省金融办估算,河南省小微企业综合融资成本在15%以上,而且通过正规渠道融资难,迫使大量企业民间融资、甚至非法集资,进一步推高融资成本。怎样促进小微企业继续繁荣发展,是摆在当前的一个重要课题。本论文选取河南省小微企业融资问题展开研究,通过组织在豫的民营企业和中小微企业进行座谈调研、实地考察、发放问卷等方式,摸清了河南省小微企业融资的现状和问题,并对小微企业融资上待遇不公,融资成本居高不下,银行贷款难,小型金融机构设立难、金融工具利用不足等方面的原因分别作了分析讨论,最后提出优化河南中小企业融资问题的总体思路和具体策略。本文研究认为:河南省小微企业融资难是多重因素叠加的结果。(1)金融体制制约。我国对银行业坚持“总量控制、区位控制、风险控制”的原则,使得银行发展和开展业务都受国家政策影响,加之金融创新和河南经济特色对接不畅,金融优惠措施落实不力等多重原因造成小微企业融资难。(2)金融结构不均衡。河南省金融发展滞后,银行创新不够,对小微企业信贷结构和管理构架需改进,各类金融机构合作不充分等原因,是小微企业融资难的另一个主要因素。(3)融资环境差。融资渠道有限,难度加大、有效信贷需求下降、行业部门壁垒严重、法制环境差等原因制约小微企业融资。(4)小微企业自身原因。小微企业主思想的局限性,小微企业自身缺陷,小微企业贷款需求特点也增加了融资的困难。文章还指出了以往研究小微企业融资难问题的不足,如忽略了小微企业融资难是多重因素叠加的结果,仅仅解决某一个或某几个方面,不能从根本上解决小微企业融资难。忽略了社会发展是个优胜略汰的过程。没有提出在尽力解决小微企业融资难的同时,可以通过社会竞争淘汰掉一批没有发展前景的小微企业,倒逼小微企业自我提高,促进经济结构的进一步优化。以及国内对小微企业融资难的研究相比较国外而言,没有国外系统和全面,结合我国或者某地具体情况的研究时,往往又片面或者零散。最后,文章指出,随着我国金融体系改革的不断深入,和小微企业相匹配的金融体系将逐步形成,2015年开始,中国金融改革中发展和完善资本市场是个重要的内容,小微企业融资难问题有望借助金融改革有所突破。小微企业融资难问题不是一朝一夕就能解决,我们要有足够的耐心等待各项金融改革措施的落地,也要有足够的勇气面对今后带来的各种挑战。
[Abstract]:By the end of 2014, there were 398000 small and micro enterprises in Henan province, accounting for 50 percent or 80 percent of new jobs in Henan province, but at the same time, bank loans to small and micro enterprises accounted for only about 28 percent of all loans. According to the estimate of Henan Financial Office, the comprehensive financing cost of small and micro enterprises in Henan Province is more than 15%, and it is difficult to raise funds through formal channels, forcing a large number of enterprises to raise private financing, even illegally raising funds, which further pushes up the financing cost. How to promote the prosperity and development of small and micro enterprises is an important issue at present. This paper selects Henan Province small and micro enterprise financing question to launch the research, through organizing the small and medium-sized enterprise in Henan private enterprise to carry on the discussion investigation, the field investigation, the questionnaire and so on, has found out the Henan Province small and micro enterprise financing present situation and the question. The reasons of unfair treatment in financing, high financing cost, difficulty in bank loans, difficulty in setting up small financial institutions and insufficient use of financial instruments are analyzed and discussed respectively. Finally, the paper puts forward the overall thinking and specific strategy of optimizing the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises in Henan Province. This paper holds that the difficulty of financing small and micro enterprises in Henan Province is the result of the superposition of multiple factors. Our country adheres to the principle of "total quantity control, location control, risk control" to the banking industry, which makes the bank development and business development affected by the state policy, in addition to the financial innovation and the economic characteristics of Henan Province are difficult to link up. Poor implementation of financial incentives and other multiple reasons for small and micro-enterprises financing difficulties. 2) the financial structure is not balanced. The lagged financial development in Henan Province, insufficient innovation in banks, the need to improve the credit structure and management framework of small and micro enterprises, and insufficient cooperation among various financial institutions are another major factor in the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises. The financing channel is limited, the difficulty increases, the effective credit demand drops, the trade department barrier is serious, the legal system environment is poor and so on the reason restricts the small and micro enterprise financing. The limitation of the thought of the small and micro enterprise, the defect of the small and micro enterprise, and the characteristics of the loan demand of the small and micro enterprise also increase the difficulty of financing. The paper also points out the shortcomings of the previous research on the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises, such as neglecting that the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises are the result of the superposition of many factors, and only solving one or several aspects can not fundamentally solve the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises. Neglect of social development is a survival process. It has not been proposed that while trying to solve the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises, we can eliminate a number of small and micro enterprises which have no prospect of development through social competition, force them to improve themselves and promote the further optimization of economic structure. And domestic research on the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises compared with foreign countries, there is no foreign system and comprehensive, combined with our country or a specific situation of the research, often one-sided or scattered. Finally, the article points out that with the deepening of China's financial system reform, the financial system matching with small and micro enterprises will be gradually formed. Since 2015, it is important to develop and improve the capital market in China's financial reform. Small and micro-enterprise financing difficult problem is expected to rely on financial reform breakthrough. The problem of financing for small and micro enterprises cannot be solved overnight. We must be patient enough to wait for the financial reforms to come to the ground and have enough courage to face the challenges that will arise in the future.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F276.3;F832.4;F275

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