基于国际化模式选择模型的中国企业OFDI研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 05:05

本文选题：企业国际化 + OFDI　；参考：《山东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪90年代以来,中国已逐渐发展成为世界OFDI的重要来源国；与此同时,作为中国OFDI主要参与者的中国跨国公司对全球经济的影响力在持续增强。由此可见,从企业视角出发,对经济全球化背景下的中国企业OFDI进行研究具有重要的理论和现实意义。然而,强调“企业特定优势”的主流FDI理论和强调局部优势和比较优势的发展中国家FDI理论都无法对中国OFDI和中国跨国公司出现的一系列新现象做出合理的解释。事实上,中国企业在国际化过程中表现出的一系列特征需要得到更多关注和思考。因此本研究从微观视角建立了一个适用于中国企业国际化模式选择的理论模型,并在该模型的基础上对中国企业的OFDI决策进行深入研究；同时从宏观视角对中国企业OFDI的决定因素进行实证研究。希望在研究中利用宏微观视角的结合,对中国企业的OFDI行为做出较为全面的解释。研究通过对企业国际化文献的梳理归纳和比较分析,以国际化的成本比较框架为基础,并融合企业国际化阶段论和折衷理论作为构建国际化模式选择模型的理论基础和构建方法；同时,通过对FDI理论和中国OFDI有关文献进行的对比研究,从中提炼中国企业OFDI的特殊特征(包括对发达国家的“逆向投资”和制度因素的影响),作为建立中国式模型的重要因素。在中国OFDI的微观研究中,研究建立了这样的理论模型,它建立在国际化活动成本比较和成本最小化原则的基础上,专注于企业国际价值链上的三种主要价值增值活动(包括研发活动、生产活动、市场活动)的配置与协调,建立了一系列与中国企业实际相吻合的基本假定和关于企业国际化的经营成本(包括研发活动成本、生产活动成本、市场活动成本、知识流动成本、产品流动成本)和外生成本(包括资产获取成本和政府政策成本)假定。将企业国际化模式选择的决策分解为两类：国际区位决策,即各种附加价值活动的配置问题；国际控制决策,即各种附加价值活动的内部化与外部化的选择问题。研究对不同国际区位决策和控制决策下的国际化模式的成本组合进行比较,发现中国企业国际化模式选择模型的实质是一个OFDI的决策模型,并获得了对中国企业具有吸引力的国际化决策。在中国OFDI的宏观研究中,研究对中国企业OFDI的决定因素进行实证分析,进一步验证和分析企业的微观决策。结果显示出口、政府政策与OFDI呈显著的正相关关系；劳动力成本、直接汇率与OFDI呈显著的负相关关系；平均企业规模与OFDI不存在显著相关关系。通过微观视角的数理模型推导和宏观视角的实证分析,研究获得了理论上中国企业国际化的最佳模式。它们在附加价值活动的国际配置上具有如下共同的特征：第一,将研发活动配置于海外,并采用OFDI方式。通过知识生产的国际化,节省研发活动成本；第二,以OFDI方式将生产活动配置于海外,实现与研发活动的紧密衔接,减少研发活动与生产活动间的知识流动成本,促进知识的反向外溢；第三,对应较小的资产获取成本和政府政策成本。由此,可以得到两个对中国跨国公司成长具有重要意义的结论：第一,通过“逆向投资”获取战略资产,特别是知识型战略资产,是加速企业特定优势(FSA)形成,进而培育具有竞争优势的中国跨国公司的有效途径。第二,中国特有的制度因素对中国企业的OFDI具有促进作用,制度因素是加速中国跨国公司成长的契机。研究给致力于构建全球竞争优势的中国企业提供了以下战略启示：第一,积极通过对发达国家进行“逆向投资”实施“追赶战略”,是促进中国跨国公司成长的有效路径；第二,企业特定优势(FSA)是跨国公司国际竞争优势的源泉,促进企业特定优势的形成是经济全球化背景下中国跨国公司的首要任务；第三,企业规模的扩大不能促进中国企业的OFDI,单纯的规模扩张并不能带来企业特定优势的增强；第四,当前中国特有的制度因素促进了中国企业的OFDI,对这一契机的把握,可以加速中国跨国公司的成长。
[Abstract]:Since the 1990s , China has gradually developed into an important source country in the world .
At the same time , the influence of Chinese transnational corporations as the main players in China ' s economic globalization has been continuously strengthened . From the perspective of enterprises , it is of great theoretical and practical significance for the research of Chinese enterprises in the context of economic globalization . However , the FDI theories of developing countries that emphasize the mainstream FDI theory of " enterprise - specific advantages " and the developing countries that emphasize local advantages and comparative advantages cannot reasonably explain a series of new phenomena in Chinese transnational corporations and Chinese transnational corporations . In fact , the series of characteristics that Chinese enterprises have shown in the internationalization process need to be more attention and thought .

Therefore , this study has established a theoretical model suitable for the choice of international model of Chinese enterprises from the micro - visual angle , and on the basis of the model , makes a thorough research on the decision - making of Chinese enterprises ;
At the same time , empirical research on the determinants of Chinese enterprises is carried out from the macro perspective . It is hoped that in the research , the macro - micro - visual angle will be used to explain the behavior of Chinese enterprises .

This paper summarizes and compares the international literature of enterprises , based on the international cost comparison framework , and combines enterprise internationalization stage theory and trade - off theory as the theoretical basis and construction method of constructing the international model selection model ;
At the same time , through the comparative study of FDI theory and relevant literatures in China , the special characteristics of Chinese enterprises ( including the influence of reverse investment and institutional factors on the developed countries ) are extracted from them as an important factor to establish the Chinese model .

In the micro - study of Chinese enterprises , a theoretical model is established , which is based on the principles of cost comparison and cost minimization , and focuses on the configuration and coordination of three major value - added activities ( including R & D activities , production activities , market activities ) on the international value chain of enterprises . A series of basic assumptions about the actual performance of enterprises and the assumption about the internationalization of enterprises ( including cost of R & D activities , production activities cost , market activity cost , knowledge flow cost , product flow cost ) and external production ( including asset acquisition cost and government policy cost ) are established . The decision - making of the choice of international model of enterprises is divided into two categories : international location decision - making , namely , the configuration of various additional value activities ;
International control decision - making , that is , the internalization of various added value activities and the choice of externalization , compares the cost combination of the international model under different international location decision - making and control decision - making , finds that the essence of the choice model of the international model of Chinese enterprises is a decision - making model , and obtains the international decision making attractive force to Chinese enterprises .

In the macro - research of Chinese enterprises , this paper makes an empirical analysis of the determinants of Chinese enterprises , and further verifies and analyzes the micro - decision - making of enterprises .
The labor cost , the direct exchange rate and the direct exchange rate have a significant negative correlation ;
There is no significant correlation between the average size of the enterprise and the enterprise .

Based on the theory of micro - visual angle and the empirical analysis of macro - visual angle , the paper obtains the best mode of internationalization of Chinese enterprises theoretically . They have the following common characteristics in the international arrangement of the additional value activities : Firstly , the R & D activities are arranged overseas and adopt the international mode . Through the internationalization of knowledge production , the cost of R & D activities is saved ;
secondly , the production activities are arranged overseas to realize close connection with the R & D activities , the knowledge flow cost between the R & D activities and the production activities is reduced , and the reverse overflow of the knowledge is promoted ;
Third , relatively small asset acquisition costs and government policy costs .

Therefore , we can get two important conclusions about the growth of Chinese transnational corporations . First , through the " reverse investment " to acquire strategic assets , especially the knowledge - based strategic assets , it is an effective way to accelerate the formation of strategic assets , especially the knowledge - based strategic assets , and cultivate the transnational corporations with competitive advantage . Second , China ' s unique institutional factors contribute to the development of Chinese enterprises , and the institutional factor is the opportunity to accelerate the growth of China ' s transnational corporations .

The research has provided the following strategic enlightenment to Chinese enterprises who are committed to building the global competitive advantage : First , the implementation of the " catch - up strategy " through " reverse investment " in developed countries is an effective way to promote the growth of transnational corporations in China ;
Second , the enterprise - specific advantage ( FSA ) is the source of the international competitive advantage of transnational corporations , and the formation of the specific advantages of enterprises is the top priority of China ' s transnational corporations under the background of economic globalization ;
Third , the expansion of the size of the enterprise cannot promote the development of the Chinese enterprises , and the scale expansion alone cannot bring about the enhancement of the specific advantages of the enterprise ;
Fourth , China ' s unique institutional factors have promoted the development of Chinese enterprises , which can speed up the growth of China ' s transnational corporations .
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F279.2;F832.6;F224

【参考文献】