中国农村金融发展的区域差异研究
发布时间：2018-07-17 09:00
【摘要】：中国是一个幅员辽阔、人口众多、白然资源禀赋分布呈现明显区域差异的发展中农业大国。金融是现代经济的核心,而农村金融作为我国金融体系的重要组成部分对农村经济社会的发展具有举足轻重的推动作用。然而,由于在我国广袤的国土上,自然资源、人力资源、经济基础、社会文化政治等的具体分布所表现出的明显区域差异,以及白改革开放以来我国中央政府在不同时期所推行的区域化发展战略等造成了今日我国各区域间经济发展水平的差异,而农村金融发展水平所表现出的区域差异便是这种差异的一种反映。本文在借鉴相关理论知识的基础上,对当前我国农村金融发展的总体状况进行了一个粗线条的分析,进而建立起农村金融发展水平衡量指标体系对我国农村金融发展的区域差异展开详细的分析,接着对造成这些差异的原因进行了有益的探析,以求寻找到能将我国农村金融发展水平的区域差异控制在合理范围内的方法途径。 一、本文的基本研究结论 1.农村地区正规金融机构总体规模区域差异多方位显现,人均金融资源配置区域差异明显。文中基于我国县及县以下金融机构网点分布情况、农村金融机构存款余额、储蓄存款余额、贷款余额、农村金融机构网点覆盖度及每万名农村居民拥有金融服务人员数量等方面的对比分析,我国东部、中部、西部地区农村正规金融的发展水平差距明显,东部地区上述指标显著高于中、西部地区。如2010年农村金融机构贷款余额,东部地区为62005亿元,中、西部地区分别仅为19544亿元和24800亿元。基于农村金融相关比率(RFIR)指标的分析,省级行政区域农村金融发展水平筹异明显。2005-2009年间,广东省农村金融相关比率均值为5.12,为全国最高水平：2009年广东省农村金融相关比率达到了历史新高的5.97,居全国之最,显著高于中、西部各省份农村金融相关比率。人均存贷款指标的比较得出,东部地区人均存贷款数额远远超过中西部地区,差距仍有不断扩大的趋势。 2.农村金融体系内部结构和发展空间结构区域差距显著。我国农村金融机构在组织结构上区域发展不平衡,欠发达地区农村金融机构组织形式单一,金融服务能力和对农村地区经济发展支持力度严重不足；农村金融体系内部控制机制,特别是农业保险体系、信贷准入门槛和信贷审批权限存在着明显的由东至西的保障力度渐弱、门槛抬高、审批权限上收额度缩小的态势：由于不同地域间农村经济基础各异,自然环境不同,自然资源察赋差异极大,各种因素基本呈现出由东向西渐差的形势分布,导致东、中、西部地区农村金融体系风险防控能力区域差异明显。2010年我国三大区域农村金融机构网点数量、从业人员数、机构覆盖度、从业人员分布密度均呈现出由东至西渐差的态势分布。 3.农村金融发展效率区域差异明显。基于存贷差的效率分析,我国县域及县以下农村区域都是处于存差的状态,没有贷差的省级行政区域出现,并且存差余额是由东至西逐渐递减的。基于存贷款比率的分析,我国东、中、西部地区存贷款比率均达到了60%以上,实际中差距不是很明显,我国大部分省级行政区域农村地区均能实现信贷资金的自给。基于作为衡量金融机构自身运行效率的贷款发放与回收情况指标的分析,我国农村地区金融机构的运行效率区域差异十分明显。2009年中部地区农村金融机构贷款发放余额和贷款回收率分别为32086亿元与94.24%,均为三大地带之首,东部地区次之,西部地区垫底。 4.造成我国农村金融发展区域差异的影响因素具有多样性。农村金融发展区域差异受农村经济发展区域不平衡性影响突出。由于历史的、自然地理区位的和区域性发展战略及政策支持倾向等综合因素影响,我国的东部、中部、西部地区农村经济发展水平呈现由东向西渐低的态势分布,农村金融作为农村经济发展水平差异的一个外在表现形式显现出突出的区域发展差异特征。我国自上而下的农村金融制度强制性供给变迁及大一统的制度供给,并没有考虑农村地区微观经济主体的金融需求实际,造成“一刀切”的制度供给总会有水土不服的地方,进而造成一些农村地区存在金融抑制,农村金融发展水平区域差异存在便不足为奇。不同地区金融生态环境的差异及政府行为对金融发展的行政性干预导致不同区域农村金融发展存在着明显差异。 二、本文提出的政策建议 1.营造农村经济增长和金融发展的协调关系环境。我国农村金融发展区域差异是农村经济发展不平衡性的反映,农村金融区域发展与农村经济区域增长有着明显的双向动因关系。在保持宏观经济政策的边续性和一贯性条件下,通过加快农村地区特别是经济欠发达的农村地区的经济货币化、市场化和商品化进程,从而能为农村金融的发展创造良好的经济环境。加快促进具有地区比较优势的产业进行产业结构升级,从而能形成对金融资源尤其是资金资源更强的吸引力,逐步建立起以市场机制为基础,政府引导、参与的金融资源协调配制机制。 2.实施整体制度框架下的差别化金融政策供给优化农村金融区域发展。当前我国农村金融制度的供给是以政府为主导的自上而下的强制性制度变迁供给,并未充分考虑农村微观经济主体的实际金融需求,制度供给与需求的错何导致有限金融资源的流通路径遭到扭曲。因此,因地制宜地实施差别化金融政策就显得十分重要。对于东部经济金融发展比较充分的农村地区,应主要依靠商业和合作金融的力量来满足相应的金融需求；对于欠发达的中西部农村地区,相比商业性金融的高融资成本、高融资门槛和复杂的审批程序以及商业性金融机构基于风险考虑而不愿涉足中西部农村地区相关金融业务的实际,充分利用政策性金融才是明智之举。 3.运用体现区域差异的农村金融工具,协调农村金融区域发展。、当前我国农村地区金融机构金融工具单一,所能够承载的金融服务量相当有限,其满足农村地区经济主体金融需求的能力比较薄弱。运用体现区域差异的农村金融工具,能够在一定程度上调节农村金融发展的区域差异,从而推动农村地区尽早实现区域金融的协调发展。如针对东、中、西部地区的实际情况实施差别化的存款准备金率和再贴现率等政策,将有效改善和调节各地区的货币信贷活动和流通中的货币量。
[Abstract]:China is a large agricultural country with a vast territory, a large population and an obvious regional difference in the distribution of resources. Finance is the core of the modern economy. As an important part of our financial system, rural finance plays an important role in promoting the development of the rural economy and society. The obvious regional differences in the distribution of natural resources, human resources, economic foundation, social culture and politics, as well as the regional development strategy carried out by the central government in different periods since the reform and opening to the outside world, have caused the differences in the level of economic development among the various regions of our country today, and the rural financial development. The regional difference is a reflection of this difference. On the basis of the relevant theoretical knowledge, this paper makes a rough analysis of the overall situation of the current rural financial development in China, and then sets up the regional differences in the measurement index system of the rural financial development level to the rural financial development of our country. In order to find a way to control the regional differences in the level of rural financial development in a reasonable range, the detailed analysis is carried out and the reasons for these differences are discussed.
First, the basic research conclusions of this paper
1. the regional differences in the overall scale of the formal financial institutions in rural areas are manifested in various directions, and the regional differences in the allocation of financial resources per capita are obvious. In this paper, the distribution of the financial institutions in China and the county and county, the balance of deposit, the balance of savings deposits, the balance of the loan, the coverage of the network of rural financial institutions and every ten thousand rural residents With the comparative analysis of the number of financial service personnel, the development level gap of rural formal finance in the eastern, central and western regions of China is obvious. The above indexes in the eastern region are significantly higher than those in the western region. In the western region, the loan balance of the rural financial institutions in 2010, the eastern region of 62005 billion yuan, and the western region were only 19544 billion yuan and 248 respectively. 00 billion yuan. Based on the analysis of the rural financial related ratio (RFIR) index, the rural financial development level in the provincial administrative region was obviously raised in the period of.2005-2009, the rural financial related ratio in Guangdong province was 5.12, which was the highest level in the country. In 2009, the rural financial related ratio of Guangdong province reached a new high of 5.97, which was the most significant in the country. In the middle, the rural financial related ratio in the western provinces and the comparison of the per capita deposit and loan index shows that the amount of the per capita deposit and loan in the eastern region is far more than the central and western regions, and the gap is still expanding.
2. the regional gap between the internal structure and the development space structure of the rural financial system is significant. The regional development of the rural financial institutions in our country is unbalanced in the organizational structure, the organizational form of the rural financial institutions in the less developed areas is single, the financial service ability and the support for the economic development in the rural areas are strictly insufficient; the internal control mechanism of the rural financial system is the internal control mechanism In particular, the agricultural insurance system, the credit access threshold and the credit examination and approval authority have the obvious weakness from the east to the west, the threshold is higher, the approval authority is reduced, because the rural economic base of different regions is different, the natural environment is different, the difference of natural resources is very great, and the various factors are basically presented. The distribution of the trend from east to West leads to the regional differences in risk prevention and control in the rural financial system in East, middle and western regions. The number of rural financial institutions in the three major regions of China, the number of employees, the coverage of institutions and the distribution density of the employees in the three major regions of China have been distributed from the east to the West.
3. there are obvious regional differences in the efficiency of rural financial development. Based on the efficiency analysis of the loan difference, the rural areas under the county and county level in our country are in the state of storage difference, the provincial administrative region without the loan difference appears, and the balance balance is gradually decreasing from the East to the West. Based on the analysis of the ratio of deposit and loan ratio, the deposit and loan ratio in the East, middle and western regions of China The rate has reached more than 60%, the actual gap is not very obvious, most of the provincial administrative regions in China can realize the self-sufficiency of credit funds. Based on the analysis of the loan issuance and recovery index of the operational efficiency of the financial institutions, the regional differences in the operational efficiency of the financial institutions in the rural areas of our country are very obvious. In 2009, the loan balance and loan recovery rate of the rural financial institutions in the central region were 32086 billion yuan and 94.24% respectively, both of which were the first in the three regions, the second in the eastern region and the bottom in the western region.
4. the factors affecting the regional differences in rural financial development in China are diverse. The regional differences in rural financial development are affected by the regional imbalance in the development of rural economic development. Due to historical, geographical location and regional development strategy and policy support tendency, the influence of comprehensive factors, the eastern, central and Western regions of China The level of village economic development shows a trend from the east to the west, and the rural finance, as an external manifestation of the difference in the level of rural economic development, shows prominent regional development differences. The compulsory supply change of the top-down rural financial system and the system supply of the great unity are not taken into consideration in the rural areas. The actual financial demand of the main body of the economy makes the supply of the "one size fits all" institutional supply always have a place of discomfort, which leads to the existence of financial restraining in some rural areas. The regional differences in the level of rural financial development are not surprising. The differences in the financial ecological environment in different regions and the administrative intervention of the government behavior to the financial development There are obvious differences in rural financial development in different regions.
Two, the policy proposals put forward in this paper
1. to create a harmonious relationship between rural economic growth and financial development. The regional differences in rural financial development reflect the imbalance of rural economic development, and there is a clear bidirectional motivation relationship between rural financial regional development and rural economic growth. The economic monetization, marketization and commercialization of rural areas, especially in rural areas which are economically underdeveloped, can create a good economic environment for the development of rural finance and accelerate the promotion of industrial structure upgrading with regional comparative advantages, thus forming a stronger attraction to financial resources, especially capital resources. Efforts should be made to gradually establish a financial resource coordination and preparation mechanism based on market mechanism, government guidance and participation.
2. the differential financial policy under the framework of the whole system is provided to optimize the development of the rural financial region. The supply of the rural financial system in China is the supply of the government oriented top-down compulsory institutional change, which does not fully consider the actual financial needs of the rural microeconomic subjects, and the mistakes of the supply and demand of the system lead to the development of the rural financial system. The way to limit the circulation of financial resources is distorted. Therefore, it is very important to carry out the differential financial policy according to local conditions. For the rural areas with sufficient economic and financial development in the East, we should mainly rely on the power of commercial and cooperative finance to meet the corresponding financial needs; for the underdeveloped rural areas of the Midwest, the comparison business is compared. The high financing cost, the high financing threshold and the complex examination and approval procedure and the commercial financial institutions are not willing to dabble in the related financial business in the rural areas of the central and western regions. It is wise to make full use of the policy finance.
3. the rural financial instruments which reflect the regional differences are used to coordinate the development of rural financial areas. At present, the financial instruments of the financial institutions in rural areas of our country are single, the amount of financial services they can carry is quite limited, and the ability to meet the financial needs of the economic subjects in the rural areas is relatively weak. To a certain extent, we can adjust the regional differences in rural financial development to a certain extent, so as to promote the coordinated development of regional finance in the rural areas as soon as possible. For example, the implementation of the differential reserve ratio and rediscount rate will effectively improve and regulate the monetary and credit activities and circulation in the regions. The amount of money.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.3
本文编号：2129912
[Abstract]:China is a large agricultural country with a vast territory, a large population and an obvious regional difference in the distribution of resources. Finance is the core of the modern economy. As an important part of our financial system, rural finance plays an important role in promoting the development of the rural economy and society. The obvious regional differences in the distribution of natural resources, human resources, economic foundation, social culture and politics, as well as the regional development strategy carried out by the central government in different periods since the reform and opening to the outside world, have caused the differences in the level of economic development among the various regions of our country today, and the rural financial development. The regional difference is a reflection of this difference. On the basis of the relevant theoretical knowledge, this paper makes a rough analysis of the overall situation of the current rural financial development in China, and then sets up the regional differences in the measurement index system of the rural financial development level to the rural financial development of our country. In order to find a way to control the regional differences in the level of rural financial development in a reasonable range, the detailed analysis is carried out and the reasons for these differences are discussed.
First, the basic research conclusions of this paper
1. the regional differences in the overall scale of the formal financial institutions in rural areas are manifested in various directions, and the regional differences in the allocation of financial resources per capita are obvious. In this paper, the distribution of the financial institutions in China and the county and county, the balance of deposit, the balance of savings deposits, the balance of the loan, the coverage of the network of rural financial institutions and every ten thousand rural residents With the comparative analysis of the number of financial service personnel, the development level gap of rural formal finance in the eastern, central and western regions of China is obvious. The above indexes in the eastern region are significantly higher than those in the western region. In the western region, the loan balance of the rural financial institutions in 2010, the eastern region of 62005 billion yuan, and the western region were only 19544 billion yuan and 248 respectively. 00 billion yuan. Based on the analysis of the rural financial related ratio (RFIR) index, the rural financial development level in the provincial administrative region was obviously raised in the period of.2005-2009, the rural financial related ratio in Guangdong province was 5.12, which was the highest level in the country. In 2009, the rural financial related ratio of Guangdong province reached a new high of 5.97, which was the most significant in the country. In the middle, the rural financial related ratio in the western provinces and the comparison of the per capita deposit and loan index shows that the amount of the per capita deposit and loan in the eastern region is far more than the central and western regions, and the gap is still expanding.
2. the regional gap between the internal structure and the development space structure of the rural financial system is significant. The regional development of the rural financial institutions in our country is unbalanced in the organizational structure, the organizational form of the rural financial institutions in the less developed areas is single, the financial service ability and the support for the economic development in the rural areas are strictly insufficient; the internal control mechanism of the rural financial system is the internal control mechanism In particular, the agricultural insurance system, the credit access threshold and the credit examination and approval authority have the obvious weakness from the east to the west, the threshold is higher, the approval authority is reduced, because the rural economic base of different regions is different, the natural environment is different, the difference of natural resources is very great, and the various factors are basically presented. The distribution of the trend from east to West leads to the regional differences in risk prevention and control in the rural financial system in East, middle and western regions. The number of rural financial institutions in the three major regions of China, the number of employees, the coverage of institutions and the distribution density of the employees in the three major regions of China have been distributed from the east to the West.
3. there are obvious regional differences in the efficiency of rural financial development. Based on the efficiency analysis of the loan difference, the rural areas under the county and county level in our country are in the state of storage difference, the provincial administrative region without the loan difference appears, and the balance balance is gradually decreasing from the East to the West. Based on the analysis of the ratio of deposit and loan ratio, the deposit and loan ratio in the East, middle and western regions of China The rate has reached more than 60%, the actual gap is not very obvious, most of the provincial administrative regions in China can realize the self-sufficiency of credit funds. Based on the analysis of the loan issuance and recovery index of the operational efficiency of the financial institutions, the regional differences in the operational efficiency of the financial institutions in the rural areas of our country are very obvious. In 2009, the loan balance and loan recovery rate of the rural financial institutions in the central region were 32086 billion yuan and 94.24% respectively, both of which were the first in the three regions, the second in the eastern region and the bottom in the western region.
4. the factors affecting the regional differences in rural financial development in China are diverse. The regional differences in rural financial development are affected by the regional imbalance in the development of rural economic development. Due to historical, geographical location and regional development strategy and policy support tendency, the influence of comprehensive factors, the eastern, central and Western regions of China The level of village economic development shows a trend from the east to the west, and the rural finance, as an external manifestation of the difference in the level of rural economic development, shows prominent regional development differences. The compulsory supply change of the top-down rural financial system and the system supply of the great unity are not taken into consideration in the rural areas. The actual financial demand of the main body of the economy makes the supply of the "one size fits all" institutional supply always have a place of discomfort, which leads to the existence of financial restraining in some rural areas. The regional differences in the level of rural financial development are not surprising. The differences in the financial ecological environment in different regions and the administrative intervention of the government behavior to the financial development There are obvious differences in rural financial development in different regions.
Two, the policy proposals put forward in this paper
1. to create a harmonious relationship between rural economic growth and financial development. The regional differences in rural financial development reflect the imbalance of rural economic development, and there is a clear bidirectional motivation relationship between rural financial regional development and rural economic growth. The economic monetization, marketization and commercialization of rural areas, especially in rural areas which are economically underdeveloped, can create a good economic environment for the development of rural finance and accelerate the promotion of industrial structure upgrading with regional comparative advantages, thus forming a stronger attraction to financial resources, especially capital resources. Efforts should be made to gradually establish a financial resource coordination and preparation mechanism based on market mechanism, government guidance and participation.
2. the differential financial policy under the framework of the whole system is provided to optimize the development of the rural financial region. The supply of the rural financial system in China is the supply of the government oriented top-down compulsory institutional change, which does not fully consider the actual financial needs of the rural microeconomic subjects, and the mistakes of the supply and demand of the system lead to the development of the rural financial system. The way to limit the circulation of financial resources is distorted. Therefore, it is very important to carry out the differential financial policy according to local conditions. For the rural areas with sufficient economic and financial development in the East, we should mainly rely on the power of commercial and cooperative finance to meet the corresponding financial needs; for the underdeveloped rural areas of the Midwest, the comparison business is compared. The high financing cost, the high financing threshold and the complex examination and approval procedure and the commercial financial institutions are not willing to dabble in the related financial business in the rural areas of the central and western regions. It is wise to make full use of the policy finance.
3. the rural financial instruments which reflect the regional differences are used to coordinate the development of rural financial areas. At present, the financial instruments of the financial institutions in rural areas of our country are single, the amount of financial services they can carry is quite limited, and the ability to meet the financial needs of the economic subjects in the rural areas is relatively weak. To a certain extent, we can adjust the regional differences in rural financial development to a certain extent, so as to promote the coordinated development of regional finance in the rural areas as soon as possible. For example, the implementation of the differential reserve ratio and rediscount rate will effectively improve and regulate the monetary and credit activities and circulation in the regions. The amount of money.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.3
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4 李刚;我国农村金融发展与农村经济增长[D];西北大学;2006年
5 李永平;中国农村金融制度变迁与经济主体行为研究[D];山东大学;2006年
6 张军;中国农户信用行为研究[D];西北农林科技大学;2006年
7 朱建芳;区域金融发展差距：理论与实证分析[D];浙江大学;2006年
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3 栗聪;中国农村金融发展与经济增长关系实证分析[D];吉林大学;2008年
4 袁锐;江西省农村金融发展与农民收入增长关系研究[D];南昌大学;2008年
5 蔡晨;农村金融的供求失衡分析[D];西南财经大学;2009年
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