基于SFA法的城市商业银行成本效率的实证研究

发布时间：2018-09-07 17:40

【摘要】：城市商业银行经组建发展以来,已经在我国银行业中占有一席之地。提高城市商业银行的效率,也就意味着提高城市商业银行竞争力。想要提高银行的效率,即就是银行输出的投资少得到的收益高或者输出固定即可获得较高的产量。城市商业银行效率的提高就意味着城市商业银行竞争力的加强。城市商业银行自20世纪90年代中期由农村信用社或是城市信用社演变组建以来,已经自2008年的136家增至2009年的140家,经过这近十年的发展城市商业银行的地位迅速提升,正逐渐成为我国银行体系中的一支有生力量,但是城市商业银行的规模远不及国有银行,在政策扶持方面也不及农信社,再加上大型商业银行、股份制银行和外资银行多重竞争格局下,城市商业银行的实力很有限,在日趋激烈的金融环境下,如何提高城市商业银行的竞争力是迫在眉睫的问题。因此,我国城市商业银行效率的研究是必要,这样的研究在促进我国城市商业银行业的可持续发展的同时,对提高社会金融资源的利用水平也发挥着举足轻重的作用。银行效率提高即就是银行控制成本能力增强,如何提高成本控制能力是研究银行效率的基础,因此我国城市商业银行成本效率的研究意义重大。目前为止有很多研究关于商业银行成本效率的文献,我们归纳整理了已有文献中提到的测算方法,对各种测算方法的使用范围条件和优劣点做了简单的介绍,考虑到城市商业银行发展规模和经营状况良莠不齐,经过对比分析后采用SFA法来测算我国城市商业银行的成本效率值。本文选用了随机前沿法对我国22家城市商业银行成本效率进行了定量分析,用frontier4.1来测算这22家城市商业银行20062009年度的各个城市商业银行年成本效率值。我们运用SFA方法来测算我国22家城市商业银行的年成本效率,参考数据的时间范围为各家城市商业银行2006-2009年的财务数据。本文考虑到城市商业银行的资产质量,将不良贷款从真实财务数据中剔除得到了改进样本,这样就一共得到了176组样本,88组数据是原始样本,其他88组是改进样本。本文从所选取的2006—2009年我国22家城市商业银行的真实财务数据中的贷款项中剔除不良贷款,这样以来就得到了改进样本数据。利用改进样本数据以及未剔除不良贷款的原始样本数据运用SFA法测算城市商业银行的成本效率,是文章一个创新之处,即考虑了城市商业银行的资产质量,不良贷款会影响城市商业银行成本效率的实证分析结果。这样不仅扩充了城市商业银行的样本量,检验贷款质量对城市商业银行成本效率的影响,而且解决了城市商业银行成本效率计算结果离散度小的问题,可以更好的反映城市商业银行成本效率。基于SFA方法对我国城市商业银行成本效率的测算结果看,城市商业银行改进样本的成本效率要明显低于原始样本,银行资产质量即不良贷款率对中国城市商业银行的成本效率有负面影响,我们在考虑了城市商业银行不良贷款之后,得到了改进样本的成本效率即实际效率和由原始样本计算得到的成本效率,结果发现前者要明显低于后者。在2006年到2009年期间,原始样本和改进样本的城市商业银行成本效率间下降的幅度分别为,2006的10.3%,2007年的13.4%。2008年的11.3%以及2009年的8.3%,除了07年和08年的下降幅度较大之外,不良贷款率对城商行成本效率的影响较稳定总体有缩小的趋势。同时实证结果表明,资产质量对城市商业银行的成本效率是负相关的,从图上看无论是原始样本还是改进样本,两个样本的成本效率值都是逐年增加的,且原始样本和改进样本的城市商业银行成本效率问的差距也在缩小(08年除外)。由此可见,近年来我国城市商业银行在优化资源配置,加强成本控制方面已经取得一定成效。此外,本文还做了区域性城市商业银行成本效率的研究,这是众多文献鲜有涉及的,大部分文献都是从银行的产权结构或者是银行规模入手,考虑到我国城市商业银行规模参差不齐,单.纯按银行规模或者产权结构来做实证分析不能真实表现区域性城市商业银行的成本效率。从实证结果可以看到我国东部地区的城市商业成本效率显著高于其他地区,中部西部以及东北地区的城市商业银行的成本效率虽然不高但也是在逐渐提升的。然后,我们在得到城市商业银行年成本效率值的基础上,对城市商业银行成本效率的影响因素进行分析。本文在以往学者研究银行成本效率影响因素的基础上,结合我国城市商业银行实际,考虑到商业银行成本效率虽然受宏观经济、政治环境和监管制度的变化的影响,但是由于这些因素很难量化,实证研究比较困难,本文侧重分析城市商业银行自身特征对其成本效率的影响。我们选取了银行规模,银行产权结构、业务创新、银行稳定、资产质量和资源配置共6个方面影响因素来考察各因素对城市商业银行成本效率的影响。在研究分析城市商业银行成本效率影响因素时,本文利用城市商业银行的权益资本比率来替代资本充足率。资本充足率是一个很好量化银行稳定性的指标,但是一般情况下,我们无法得到我国城市商业银行的业务数据以及银行资产分配结构数据和其他重要数据,所以我们无法通过计算准确得到银行的资本充足率,所以我们不选用城市商业银行的资本充足率,而是以城市商业银行的股权资本比例替换。实证结果表明,银行规模对城市商业银行的成本效率有积极的作用,这与其他研究所做的结果吻合,说明银行扩张规模,一定程度上是有益于银行成本效率的。银行稳定性总体而言对城市商业银行的成本效率影响不大,实证结果系数为负说明银行单纯的满足资本充足率,维持较高的权益比不益于城市商业银行成本控制。银行的贷存比率与城商行的成本效率是负相关关系,表明银行贷存比越高,城市商业银行的成本效率就越低。这就要求城市商业银行制定适当的贷存比率,合理配置银行资源,优化成本控制。产权结构对城市商业银行成本效率的影响很小,也相当不显著,我国现在只有3家城市商业银行上市,其余绝大多数是还没上市的,所以样本的限制使得结果并不显著,但是不能表明产权结构对我国城市商业银行成本效率没有影响。创新率对城市商业银行成本效率有着显著的积极影响,这也说明了城市商业银行开拓新业务占领市场,使用新技术,开发使用各种利民便民的金融服务,城市商业银行通过业务创新来提升银行成本效率。同时,银行资产质量对城商行成本效率的影响不显著,但模型回归分析所得的系数为负表明了城市商业银行的成本效率与银行不良贷款率有着负效应,这也说明了我们在考虑了不良贷款率时,城市商业银行的成本效率显著降低的这一事实。所以要想提高我国城市商业银行的成本效率,就要从减少坏账,控制银行贷款质量这方而来加强。此外,本文还考察了信息技术,银行监管和员工素质这些不易量化的影响因素。最后,根据实证分析,笔者对如何有效改善我国城市商业银行成本效率提出了相应的政策建议,例如城市商业银行应该控制减少坏账、提高银行贷款质量,优化城市商业银行产权结构等共四个方面来提高银行效率。
[Abstract]:Since the establishment and development of the city commercial bank, it has occupied a place in the banking industry of our country. To improve the efficiency of the city commercial bank means to improve the competitiveness of the city commercial bank. The improvement of the efficiency of the city commercial banks means the enhancement of the competitiveness of the city commercial banks.The city commercial banks have increased from 136 in 2008 to 140 in 2009 since they were established by the rural credit cooperatives or the city credit cooperatives in the mid-1990s. But the scale of city commercial banks is far less than that of state-owned banks and rural credit cooperatives. In addition, the strength of city commercial banks is very limited under the multi-competitive situation of large commercial banks, joint-stock banks and foreign banks, and the increasingly fierce financial environment. Therefore, it is necessary to study the efficiency of urban commercial banks in China. Such research plays an important role in promoting the sustainable development of urban commercial banks and improving the utilization level of social financial resources. High is the bank's ability to control costs, how to improve the cost control ability is the basis of the study of bank efficiency, so the study of the cost efficiency of China's urban commercial banks is of great significance.
Up to now, there are a lot of literatures about the cost efficiency of commercial banks. We have summarized and sorted out the measurement methods mentioned in the existing literatures, and introduced the conditions and advantages and disadvantages of various measurement methods. Considering the scale of development and the good and bad situation of urban commercial banks, we adopted SFA after comparative analysis. This paper uses stochastic frontier method to quantitatively analyze the cost efficiency of 22 city commercial banks in China, and uses frontier 4.1 to measure the annual cost efficiency of 22 city commercial banks in 2006-2009.
We use the SFA method to calculate the annual cost efficiency of 22 urban commercial banks in China. The reference data range is the financial data of each urban commercial bank from 2006 to 2009. Considering the asset quality of urban commercial banks, this paper excludes non-performing loans from the real financial data and gets the improved samples. Among 176 samples, 88 are original samples, and the other 88 are improved samples. This paper eliminates non-performing loans from the loan items in the real financial data of 22 urban commercial banks in China from 2006 to 2009, and thus obtains the improved sample data. This data uses SFA method to calculate the cost efficiency of urban commercial banks, which is an innovation of this paper. It considers the asset quality of urban commercial banks, and the empirical analysis results show that non-performing loans will affect the cost efficiency of urban commercial banks. The cost efficiency of urban commercial banks can be better reflected by solving the problem that the calculation result of the cost efficiency of urban commercial banks is less discrete. The quality of bank assets, i.e. the non-performing loan rate, has a negative impact on the cost efficiency of China's urban commercial banks. After considering the non-performing loans of urban commercial banks, we obtain the cost efficiency of improved samples, i.e. the actual efficiency and the cost efficiency calculated from the original samples. The results show that the former is significantly lower than the latter. In 2009, the decrease of cost efficiency between the original sample and the improved sample was 10.3% in 2006 and 13.4% in 2007, 11.3% in 2008 and 8.3% in 2009, respectively. The empirical results show that asset quality is negatively correlated with the cost efficiency of urban commercial banks. The cost efficiency values of both the original samples and the improved samples increase year by year, and the gap between the original samples and the improved samples is narrowing (except in 2008). It can be seen that in recent years, urban commercial banks in China have achieved some results in optimizing the allocation of resources and strengthening cost control. In addition, this paper has also done a study on the cost efficiency of regional urban commercial banks, which is rarely involved in many literature, most of the literature is from the bank property rights structure or Bank size, taking into account. The scale of urban commercial banks in our country is uneven, and the empirical analysis based on the bank scale or property right structure can not really show the cost efficiency of regional urban commercial banks. Although the cost efficiency of commercial banks is not high, it is also gradually improving.
Then, on the basis of getting the annual cost-efficiency value of city commercial banks, we analyze the influencing factors of city commercial banks'cost-efficiency. Based on the previous scholars' research on the influencing factors of city commercial banks'cost-efficiency, this paper considers that although the cost-efficiency of city commercial banks is affected by macro-economy, government and government, and combines with the reality of city commercial banks in China. However, it is difficult to quantify these factors and make empirical research. This paper focuses on the impact of the characteristics of city commercial banks on their cost efficiency. We select six aspects: bank size, bank property structure, business innovation, bank stability, asset quality and resource allocation. In this paper, we use the ratio of equity to capital of city commercial banks to replace the ratio of capital adequacy. The ratio of capital adequacy is a good index to quantify the stability of banks, but in general, we do not have it. So we can not get the capital adequacy ratio accurately by calculating. So we do not choose the capital adequacy ratio of city commercial banks, but replace it with the equity capital ratio of city commercial banks.
The empirical results show that bank size has a positive effect on the cost efficiency of urban commercial banks, which is consistent with the results of other research institutes. It shows that bank expansion is beneficial to the cost efficiency of banks to a certain extent. Negative shows that banks simply satisfy the capital adequacy ratio and maintain a higher equity ratio is not conducive to the cost control of city commercial banks. Ratio, rational allocation of banking resources, optimization of cost control. Property rights structure on the cost efficiency of city commercial banks is very small, but also quite insignificant, China's only three city commercial banks listed, the rest of the majority is not listed, so the sample restrictions make the results not significant, but can not show that property rights structure on me. Innovation rate has a significant positive impact on the cost efficiency of city commercial banks, which also shows that city commercial banks open up new business to occupy the market, use new technology, develop and use a variety of convenient financial services, and city commercial banks improve the cost efficiency of banks through business innovation. At the same time, the impact of bank asset quality on the cost efficiency of city commercial banks is not significant, but the negative coefficient of regression analysis indicates that the cost efficiency of city commercial banks has a negative effect on the non-performing loan rate of banks, which also shows that when we consider the non-performing loan rate, the cost efficiency of city commercial banks is significantly reduced. So if we want to improve the cost efficiency of our city commercial banks, we should strengthen it by reducing bad debts and controlling the quality of bank loans.
Finally, according to the empirical analysis, the author puts forward corresponding policy recommendations on how to effectively improve the cost efficiency of urban commercial banks in China, such as urban commercial banks should control and reduce bad debts, improve the quality of bank loans, and optimize the property rights structure of urban commercial banks to improve bank efficiency in four aspects.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F830.42;F224

【参考文献】