农村信用社小额信贷业务发展困境研究
发布时间：2018-10-18 06:22
【摘要】：小额信贷创立于20世纪70年代的孟加拉国,设立试点并创建了乡村银行,它以小额信贷特有的运行机制专门为贫困人群提供无抵押、无担保的信贷资金,从而使贫困人群摆脱了经常处于金融服务边缘化的局面,满足其生产生活资金需求,帮助打破“贫困恶性循环”的怪圈起到了重要作用,这一创新性的扶贫模式很快在全世界得到了推广。我国于1994年也开始引入小额信贷并进行试点,在当时由于采取的是非政府组织运行形式,虽在扶贫方面取得了一些效果但组织机构的发展空间受到很大的限制,不能可持续地为贫困人群提供小额信贷服务,于是在1999年作为正规金融机构的农村信用社开始试点发放小额信贷并于2001年12月全面推广,从此农村信用社承担起了发展小额信贷项目的重任。 农村信用社开展小额信贷不仅能够缓解农户贷款难的问题、延缓民间“高利贷”的滋生,还能改善自身的经营状况,更能有助于快速打破现存的“二元经济”发展格局。虽然农村信用社小额信贷已走过10个年头之多,不论是服务的覆盖面还是授信农户的数量上来讲都得到了很大的提升,但根据相关学者的研究和笔者的实地调研发现,农村信用社小额信贷业务发展的并不十分顺利,存在着一些困境阻扰其正常开展,为探究竟,本文基于三个方面进行了分析：首先是基于机构的角度分析农村信用社小额信贷业务发展的困境,通过与村镇银行和小额信贷公司之间的对比发现,农村信用社存在产权、资产、人员和营业网点四个方面的困境；然后是基于成本与收益的角度分析农村信用社小额信贷业务发展的困境,根据农村信用社经营小额信贷业务的信息成本、监督和管理成本以及预期违约成本和收益空间与村镇银行的对比发现,存在高成本、低收益的困境；最后是基于国家政策角度分析农村信用社小额信贷业务发展存在的困境,指出了政府一方面要求农村信用社发放小额信贷,另一方面又缺乏足够的激励或补贴机制等相关政策支持,使得农村信用社经营小额信贷业务处于困境之中。本文最后根据这些困境并结合我国的实际情况提出了几点针对性的政策建议,以帮助农村信用社尽快走出困境,实现小额信贷业务的可持续地发展,进而带动农民增收、农业产业化和农村经济的发展,有效地解决“三农”问题。
[Abstract]:Microcredit was founded in Bangladesh in the 1970s to pilot and create Grameen Bank, which provides unsecured, unsecured credit to the poor with its unique operating mechanism. This has helped the poor to break the cycle of "vicious circle of poverty" by getting rid of the situation where financial services are often marginalized, meeting their needs for production and living funds, and helping to break the "vicious circle of poverty". This innovative model of poverty alleviation quickly spread around the world. In 1994, our country also began to introduce microcredit and carry out pilot projects. At that time, because of the operation of non-governmental organizations, although some results had been achieved in poverty alleviation, the space for the development of organizations was greatly limited. Unable to provide sustainable microcredit services to the poor, rural credit unions, as formal financial institutions, began to pilot microcredit in 1999 and were fully rolled out in December 2001, Since then, rural credit cooperatives have taken on the responsibility of developing microcredit projects. The development of micro-credit in rural credit cooperatives can not only alleviate the problem of farmers' loan difficulties, delay the breeding of folk "usury", but also improve their own operating conditions, and help to break the existing "dual economy" development pattern quickly. Although the rural credit cooperatives have gone through more than 10 years, both the coverage of services and the number of credit farmers have been greatly improved, but according to the relevant scholars' research and the author's field research, The development of the micro-credit business of rural credit cooperatives is not very smooth, there are some difficulties to hinder its normal development, in order to find out. This article has carried on the analysis based on three aspects: first is based on the organization angle analysis rural credit cooperative microfinance business development difficult position, through the comparison with the village bank and the microfinance company found that the rural credit cooperative exists the property right, Then it analyzes the difficulties of the development of microfinance business of rural credit cooperatives based on the angle of cost and income, according to the information cost of rural credit cooperatives operating micro-credit business, The comparison of supervision and management cost and expected default cost and income space with the village bank shows that there is a dilemma of high cost and low income. Finally, based on the state policy perspective, the paper analyzes the difficulties existing in the development of micro-credit business of rural credit cooperatives. It is pointed out that the government requires the rural credit cooperatives to extend microcredit on the one hand, and on the other hand, it lacks sufficient incentive or subsidy mechanism and other related policy support, which makes the rural credit cooperatives in a difficult position to manage the microfinance business. Finally, according to these difficulties and combined with the actual situation of our country, this paper puts forward several targeted policy recommendations to help rural credit cooperatives out of the dilemma as soon as possible, to achieve the sustainable development of micro-credit business, and then to increase farmers' income. Agricultural industrialization and the development of rural economy, effectively solve the "three rural" problem.
【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.4
本文编号：2278260
[Abstract]:Microcredit was founded in Bangladesh in the 1970s to pilot and create Grameen Bank, which provides unsecured, unsecured credit to the poor with its unique operating mechanism. This has helped the poor to break the cycle of "vicious circle of poverty" by getting rid of the situation where financial services are often marginalized, meeting their needs for production and living funds, and helping to break the "vicious circle of poverty". This innovative model of poverty alleviation quickly spread around the world. In 1994, our country also began to introduce microcredit and carry out pilot projects. At that time, because of the operation of non-governmental organizations, although some results had been achieved in poverty alleviation, the space for the development of organizations was greatly limited. Unable to provide sustainable microcredit services to the poor, rural credit unions, as formal financial institutions, began to pilot microcredit in 1999 and were fully rolled out in December 2001, Since then, rural credit cooperatives have taken on the responsibility of developing microcredit projects. The development of micro-credit in rural credit cooperatives can not only alleviate the problem of farmers' loan difficulties, delay the breeding of folk "usury", but also improve their own operating conditions, and help to break the existing "dual economy" development pattern quickly. Although the rural credit cooperatives have gone through more than 10 years, both the coverage of services and the number of credit farmers have been greatly improved, but according to the relevant scholars' research and the author's field research, The development of the micro-credit business of rural credit cooperatives is not very smooth, there are some difficulties to hinder its normal development, in order to find out. This article has carried on the analysis based on three aspects: first is based on the organization angle analysis rural credit cooperative microfinance business development difficult position, through the comparison with the village bank and the microfinance company found that the rural credit cooperative exists the property right, Then it analyzes the difficulties of the development of microfinance business of rural credit cooperatives based on the angle of cost and income, according to the information cost of rural credit cooperatives operating micro-credit business, The comparison of supervision and management cost and expected default cost and income space with the village bank shows that there is a dilemma of high cost and low income. Finally, based on the state policy perspective, the paper analyzes the difficulties existing in the development of micro-credit business of rural credit cooperatives. It is pointed out that the government requires the rural credit cooperatives to extend microcredit on the one hand, and on the other hand, it lacks sufficient incentive or subsidy mechanism and other related policy support, which makes the rural credit cooperatives in a difficult position to manage the microfinance business. Finally, according to these difficulties and combined with the actual situation of our country, this paper puts forward several targeted policy recommendations to help rural credit cooperatives out of the dilemma as soon as possible, to achieve the sustainable development of micro-credit business, and then to increase farmers' income. Agricultural industrialization and the development of rural economy, effectively solve the "three rural" problem.
【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.4
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