商业银行“信贷工厂”模式的研究

发布时间：2018-10-22 14:10

【摘要】：自2008年美国爆发次贷危机以来，金融危机迅速蔓延并席卷全球，世界各国先后陷入了经济衰退的局面，越来越多的企业倒闭或处于破产的边缘，，中国也未能例外。特别是国内的众多中小企业，由于面临着资金短缺、融资困难等严重问题，受此次金融危机的冲击也最大，生存状况亦不容乐观。为了缓解金融危机的负面影响，真正有效的解决中小企业融资难的瓶颈，国家先后出台了诸多政策和法规，加大了对中小企业的扶持力度，对国内商业银行明确提出要求，对中小企业要进行重点支持，增加和提高对中小企业的信贷投放额度和贷款增速。与此同时，随着商业银行同业竞争的进一步加剧，为了增加收入来源，拓展新的业务领域，中小企业也逐渐引起了商业银行的高度重视，从战略上进行转变和调整，优质的中小企业已成为各家商业银行激烈争夺的重点客户群体，商业银行纷纷围绕中小企业的切实需求，积极开展中小企业融资的探索。特别是进入2009年之后，国内各商业银行明显加大了在中小企业融资方面的创新力度，越来越多的创新产品和服务逐渐面世，在一定程度上有效解决了部分中小企业的融资难题。在这些中小企业融资创新服务中，“信贷工厂”模式值得我们重点关注。专业化经营、标准化操作的“信贷工厂”业务模式，是在中小企业贷款额度小、客户数量多的现实条件下实现集约化经营的客观要求，也是强化中小企业信贷业务流程约束，提高风险控制能力的必然选择。这既是国际先进商业银行发展中小企业业务的成功经验，也代表着未来国内商业银行中小企业业务模式的发展方向，可能会成为未来商业银行开展中小企业融资业务的主流模式。本文主要通过对国内中小企业的现状与融资情况进行了阐述和分析，对“信贷工厂”模式产生的政策背景和经济背景进行了系统的分析，并着重分析了“信贷工厂”模式的主要特点、运作模式和基本操作流程等方面的问题，详细介绍了国内一些商业银行对于“信贷工厂”模式的引入和应用推广情况，以及各商业银行的主要做法、成功经验和取得的成效，并以中国建设银行河北省分行运行“信贷工厂”模式的成功案例，对其在试点“信贷工厂”模式过程中的经验和做法进行了全面总结，为银行同业提供借鉴和帮助。“信贷工厂”模式不仅仅为国内商业银行解决中小企业融资难的开辟了一条有效途径，而且也为商业银行自身调整资产结构、转变增长方式、控制信贷风险、保持稳健经营起到积极的推进作用，符合商业银行优化发展战略。因而，“信贷工厂”模式未来在我国商业银行的应用具有广阔的前景。
[Abstract]:Since the subprime mortgage crisis broke out in the United States in 2008, the financial crisis has spread rapidly and swept the whole world. Every country in the world has been plunged into an economic recession one after another. More and more enterprises have closed down or are on the verge of bankruptcy, and China is no exception. In particular, many small and medium-sized enterprises in China are facing serious problems such as shortage of funds and difficulties in financing, which are also the biggest impact of the financial crisis, and their living conditions are not optimistic. In order to alleviate the negative impact of the financial crisis and solve the bottleneck of financing difficulties of SMEs effectively, the state has successively issued many policies and regulations, increased the support for SMEs, and made clear requirements for domestic commercial banks. We should focus on supporting small and medium-sized enterprises and increase the credit quota and loan growth rate for small and medium-sized enterprises. At the same time, with the further intensification of interbank competition in commercial banks, in order to increase revenue sources and expand new business areas, small and medium-sized enterprises have gradually aroused the high attention of commercial banks and made strategic changes and adjustments. High quality small and medium-sized enterprises have become the key customer group that commercial banks compete for fiercely. Commercial banks have been actively exploring the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises around the practical needs of small and medium-sized enterprises. Especially after entering 2009, the domestic commercial banks have obviously increased the innovation in the financing of SMEs, and more innovative products and services are gradually available, to a certain extent, effectively solve the financing problems of some SMEs. In these SME financing innovation services, the "credit factory" model deserves our attention. The "credit factory" business model of specialized operation and standardized operation is the objective requirement of realizing intensive operation under the realistic conditions of small and medium-sized enterprises with small loan quota and large number of customers, and it is also to strengthen the restriction of small and medium-sized enterprises' credit business process. The inevitable choice to improve the ability of risk control. This is not only the successful experience of the international advanced commercial banks in developing small and medium-sized enterprises, but also represents the development direction of the domestic commercial banks' business model of small and medium-sized enterprises in the future. May become the future commercial bank carries out the medium and small-sized enterprise financing service the mainstream pattern. This article mainly through the domestic small and medium-sized enterprises present situation and the financing situation has carried on the elaboration and the analysis, has carried on the systematic analysis to the "credit factory" pattern policy background and the economic background. The main characteristics, operation mode and basic operation flow of the "credit factory" model are analyzed, and the introduction and application of the "credit factory" model in some domestic commercial banks are introduced in detail. As well as the main practices, successful experiences and achievements of the commercial banks, and the successful cases of running the "credit factory" model in Hebei Branch of China Construction Bank, The experience and practice in the process of pilot "credit factory" model are summarized in order to provide reference and help for the interbank. The "credit factory" model not only opens up an effective way for domestic commercial banks to solve the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises, but also helps commercial banks to adjust their asset structure, change their growth mode, and control credit risks. Maintain steady management to play a positive role in promoting, in line with commercial banks optimized development strategy. Therefore, the future application of the "credit factory" model in China's commercial banks has broad prospects.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.4

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