外商在华直接投资与新疆利用外资战略研究

发布时间：2018-11-05 08:21

【摘要】：国际直接投资是国际经济分工不断深化、国际经济分工技术水平不断提升和国际分工政策环境不断改善的产物,不仅可以将低成本优势从母国扩展到东道国,还可实现全球范围内资源的最优配置,并在更广泛范围内增强两种竞争优势,实现长期和全球利益的最大化。尤其,对广大发展中国家而言,国际直接投资是其最大的资本来源和经济增长的主要推动力量之一,而且对其产业结构也起着重要的催化作用。中国政府对外商直接投资的态度是积极和开放的。从中国经济的现实背景来看,自1978年实施对外开放政策以来,国家首先在1979-1980年间,分别在深圳、珠海、汕头和厦门设立了经济特区,期间大量外商投资涌入特区,成为特区经济独特风景线。其次,从1992年之后,国家又先后在海南和上海浦东设立了开发区,成了我国20世纪90年代全国经济繁荣的基点。到了21世纪开年,国家提出了西部大开发,涉及11个省(区、市),特别是2007年,国家又进一步提出要把新疆建设成为我国西部的经济增长点和对外开放的前沿地带,至此可以说中国对外开放的层面开始从东部不断向中西部地区铺开。与此同时,外商对华直接投资也迅猛发展,无论是在外商直接投资项目的数量,还是资金规模上都呈现出不断扩大的趋势,实际利用外商直接投资额保持了较为稳定的增长态势。但也必须看到,进入21世纪,随着外商在中国的直接投资规模的不断扩大,存量不断增加,FDI对中国经济产生积极作用的同时,也不可避免地与中国的引资发生了一些矛盾和冲突。但就总体而言,FDI对于中国经济发展的正面效应仍然要大于其负面效应。因此,对于中国这样的一个技术相对落后、就业压力巨大、产业结构不尽合理、地区发展不平衡的发展中国家而言,在实施引资战略中,如果能充分利用FDI的正面效应,采取措施来弱化其负面效应,不仅可以更有效的利用FDI,而且还会有效促进我国经济的可持续发展。特别是对于经济相对落后的新疆经济发展而言,不仅资金缺乏、技术与管理落后,发展要素短缺,而且还面临着更大的资金和技术需求。为此,通过引进外资来缓解资金供求矛盾,有效促进经济发展,则不失为新疆实现地区经济快速发展的一条重要途径。围绕这一问题,本文以马克思主义的基本原理为指导,将马克思主义的政治经济学与现代西方经济理论有机结合,采用文献法、年鉴检索和动态面板数据模型等方法收集并处理数据。在内生经济增长理论、外商投资理论的文献分析基础上,对新世纪国际直接投资的发展特点及其趋势进行了系统分析,并对新世纪外商对华直接投资的迅速发展及其特点以及外商在华投资对中国经济的影响进行了实证分析,提出了新世纪中国利用外商直接投资的主要问题及中国新疆吸引外商投资的战略定位及其相关建议。本论文的研究内容主要围绕三大层面展开。第一层面为新世纪国际直接投资的发展特点及趋势研究。第二层面为外商对华直接投资的现状及其特点。第三层面为中国吸引外商投资的战略定位。通过对新世纪国际直接投资的发展特点和趋势分析以及外商在华投资对中国经济影响的实证分析,我们得出了以下结论： 1改革开放30年来,FDI在华投资,不仅促进了中国的工业化发展进程,和产业结构的优化升级,还创造了大量就业机会,推动了国内企业的技术进步。 2.近年来,伴随着FDI进入中国规模的不断扩大,存量不断增加,其自身运营中的问题以及与中国企业合作竞争中的问题不断暴露。一是与内资同构化程度高,加剧了FDI在中国地区之间和产业间的非均衡发展,并成为影响中国经济发展的热点问题。二是威胁就业安全,经济利益损失可观。三是技术外溢不足,导致中国企业在技术进步和创新方面严重依附外资,陷入“引入——落后”的恶性循环。四是环境问题和可持续发展受到影响,民族品牌和民族产业发展受到制约。五是外商直接投资的流入及其所引致的贸易顺差已成为我国目前国际收支呈现“双顺差”的主要原因之一 3.新疆制定积极有效的引资政策,更多、更好的利用外商直接投资,不仅可以有效促进新疆社会经济的跨越式发展和长治久安,同时对于中国西部其他省份也具有重要的经验借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:International direct investment is the product of continuous deepening of international economic division, continuous improvement of international economic division of labor and continuous improvement of international division of labor policy. It not only can expand the low-cost advantage from home country to host country, but also realize the optimal allocation of resources within the global scope. and to enhance the two competitive advantages over a wider range, maximizing the long-term and global benefits. Especially for the developing countries, the international direct investment is one of the main driving forces of its largest source of capital and economic growth, and also plays an important role in the industrial structure. The attitude of the Chinese government to foreign direct investment is positive and open From the realistic background of China's economy, since the opening-up policy in 1978, the country first set up special economic zones in Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shantou and Xiamen in 1979-1980. During the period, a great deal of foreign investment poured into the SAR, which became the unique wind in the SAR. Second, after 1992, the state has set up a development zone successively in Hainan and Pudong, Shanghai, and became the country's economic prosperity in the 1990s At the base point, in the opening year of the 21st century, the country raised the great development of the western region, involving 11 provinces (districts and cities), especially in 2007, and further put forward that Xinjiang should be built into the economic growth point and the leading edge of the opening to the outside world So far, it can be said that China's opening to the outside world began to move from the east to the central and western regions At the same time, foreign direct investment in China has developed rapidly, whether in the number of foreign direct investment projects or the scale of capital, the real use of foreign direct investment has maintained a relatively stable growth However, it must also be seen that, entering the 21st century, with the expansion of the direct investment scale of foreign businessmen in China, the stock constantly increases and FDI plays an active role in China's economy, and it is inevitable that FDI has taken place in China In general, the positive effect of FDI on China's economic development is still greater than Therefore, in the case of a developing country that is relatively backward in technology such as China, huge employment pressure, reasonable industrial structure and uneven development of the region, in the implementation of the poverty reduction strategy, if the positive effect of FDI can be fully utilized, measures should be taken to weaken The negative effect can not only make use of FDI more effectively, but also promote China's economy effectively Sustainable development, especially for the relatively backward economic development of Xinjiang, is not only the lack of funds, the backwardness of technology and management, the shortage of development elements, but also the bigger funds. Therefore, it is one of Xinjiang's rapid development of regional economy through the introduction of foreign capital to alleviate the contradiction between the financial resources and the effective promotion of economic development. On the basis of Marxism, this article combines Marxist political economy with modern western economic theory, and adopts literature method, yearbook retrieval and dynamic panel data model. On the basis of endogenous economic growth theory and the literature analysis of foreign investment theory, the characteristics and trends of international direct investment in the new century are analyzed. This paper analyzes the potential of foreign direct investment in China in the new century, and makes an empirical analysis on the impact of foreign investment on China's economy in the new century, and puts forward the main problems of China's use of foreign direct investment in the new century and the strategy of attracting foreign investment in Xinjiang in the new century. Positioning and related recommendations. Within the study of this paper The first level is the international direct investment in the new century. The development characteristics and trend of capital; the second level is the foreign investment in China. The present situation and characteristics of direct investment. The strategic orientation of attracting foreign investment. Through the analysis of the development characteristics and trend of international direct investment in the new century, and the empirical score of foreign investment in China's investment on China's economy After 30 years of reform and opening up, FDI has invested in China, and it does not Only promoted the industrial development process of China and the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, but also created a large number of employment machines As a result, the technological progress of domestic enterprises is promoted. In recent years, with the expansion of FDI into China, the stock constantly increases, its own operation problems and The problem of cooperation in cooperation with Chinese enterprises is constantly exposed. One is the same degree with the inward investment, which exacerbates the unbalanced development of FDI between China and the industry. and become a hot issue that affects China's economic development. 2 is the threat of employment security, the loss of economic benefits is considerable. Three is insufficient technology spillover, leading to serious dependence on foreign capital by Chinese enterprises in technological progress and innovation. The vicious circle of "ward" . Four is the shadow of environmental issues and sustainable development In response, the development of national brand and national industry is restricted. Five is the inflow of foreign direct investment and the trade surplus caused by the foreign direct investment has become the current balance of payments present in our country One of the main reasons for "plus" 3. Xinjiang has worked actively and effectively More and better use of foreign direct investment can not only effectively promote the leap-forward development and long-term stability of Xinjiang's social economy, but also
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.6

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