我国企业对外直接投资风险分析
发布时间：2018-11-12 09:25
【摘要】：对外直接投资是国民经济的重要组成成分,关乎国家走向国际的重要战略。中国自1978年对外改革开放以来,经济得到了飞速发展,经济增速以惊人的速度遥遥领先于西方等各个发达经济体。随着经济的发展,尤其是在2001年加入世界贸易组织以后,中国的对外直接投资也进入了发展的快车道。2002年我国的对外直接投资流量是27亿美元,而到了2015年已经达到了1456.67亿美元。近几年随着供给侧改革和我国企业“走出去”以及“一带一路”战略的实施,我国的对外直接投资仍保持快速的发展趋势。在为经济的高速发展自豪的同时,我们必须认识到:由于对外投资体系的不成熟,世界经济形势的不确定性,我国对外直接投资也面临着很多风险。本文以分析我国企业对外直接投资风险为视角,以我国对外直接投资现状为立足点,以华为公司为代表性企业对文章展开了讨论。本文首先总结了前人的大量文献,认为对我国对外投资风险问题有待深入研究。其次简述了对外直接投资风险的相关的基础理论,包括对外直接投资风险的概念和分类以及影响因素等。再次通过查找大量文献资料如中国对外直接投资统计公报等来总结我国企业对外直接投资的现状,包括我国企业对外直接投资发展历程及主要特点,而后分析了我国企业对外直接投资面临的风险,主要有政治风险、市场风险、经营风险、跨文化管理风险及技术风险等。然后以华为公司为例,简述了华为公司海外投资的现状及特点,分析了其在海外投资中遭遇的几类风险,具体包括特定国家风险、市场进入壁垒、法律风险、汇率风险、利率风险、跨文化风险、技术风险和运营风险等。而后又找出了华为为应对每一风险采用的策略,给其他企业带来了启示。最后,在前部分分析的基础上为我国企业在对外直接投资过程中规避风险给出了几点建议。在政治风险控制上,投资前做调查研究、选择友好区域合作、合规运营等;在汇率风险控制上,外汇期货套期保值、加强外汇风险管理意识、生产经营的多元化等;在人文环境差异风险控制上,识别文化差异、对员工跨文化培训、文化整合创新等。
[Abstract]:Foreign direct investment (OFDI) is an important component of the national economy and an important national strategy. Since the reform and opening to the outside world in 1978, China's economy has developed rapidly, and its economic growth rate is far ahead of that of other developed economies such as the West. With the development of economy, especially after China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, China's foreign direct investment has also entered the fast lane of development. In 2002, China's foreign direct investment flow was 2.7 billion US dollars. By 2015, it had reached $145.667 billion. In recent years, with the supply-side reform and the implementation of the strategy of "going out" and "Belt and Road", China's foreign direct investment (FDI) has maintained a rapid development trend. While we are proud of the rapid development of economy, we must realize that because of the immaturity of the foreign investment system and the uncertainty of the world economic situation, China's foreign direct investment is also facing a lot of risks. Based on the analysis of foreign direct investment risk of Chinese enterprises, this paper discusses the status quo of China's foreign direct investment and Huawei Company as the representative enterprise. Firstly, this paper summarizes a large number of previous literatures and thinks that the risk of China's foreign investment needs further study. Secondly, the basic theory of FDI risk is briefly introduced, including the concept and classification of FDI risk and its influencing factors. Thirdly, by looking up a large number of documents, such as the statistics bulletin of China's foreign direct investment, to sum up the current situation of Chinese enterprises' foreign direct investment, including the development history and main characteristics of Chinese enterprises' foreign direct investment. Then it analyzes the risks faced by Chinese enterprises in foreign direct investment, including political risk, market risk, management risk, cross-cultural management risk and technical risk. Then taking Huawei Company as an example, the paper briefly describes the present situation and characteristics of Huawei's overseas investment, and analyzes several kinds of risks encountered in overseas investment, including specific country risk, market entry barrier, legal risk, exchange rate risk, etc. Interest rate risk, cross-cultural risk, technical risk and operational risk. Then the strategy that Huawei uses to deal with each risk brings enlightenment to other enterprises. Finally, on the basis of the first part of the analysis, some suggestions are given for Chinese enterprises to avoid risks in the process of foreign direct investment. In the aspect of political risk control, we should make investigation and study before investment, choose friendly regional cooperation, comply with operation, etc. In exchange rate risk control, foreign exchange futures hedging, strengthening the awareness of foreign exchange risk management, diversification of production and management, etc. In the risk control of humanistic environment difference, identify cultural differences, cross-cultural training, innovation of cultural integration and so on.
【学位授予单位】：天津商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F279.2;F125
本文编号：2326710
[Abstract]:Foreign direct investment (OFDI) is an important component of the national economy and an important national strategy. Since the reform and opening to the outside world in 1978, China's economy has developed rapidly, and its economic growth rate is far ahead of that of other developed economies such as the West. With the development of economy, especially after China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001, China's foreign direct investment has also entered the fast lane of development. In 2002, China's foreign direct investment flow was 2.7 billion US dollars. By 2015, it had reached $145.667 billion. In recent years, with the supply-side reform and the implementation of the strategy of "going out" and "Belt and Road", China's foreign direct investment (FDI) has maintained a rapid development trend. While we are proud of the rapid development of economy, we must realize that because of the immaturity of the foreign investment system and the uncertainty of the world economic situation, China's foreign direct investment is also facing a lot of risks. Based on the analysis of foreign direct investment risk of Chinese enterprises, this paper discusses the status quo of China's foreign direct investment and Huawei Company as the representative enterprise. Firstly, this paper summarizes a large number of previous literatures and thinks that the risk of China's foreign investment needs further study. Secondly, the basic theory of FDI risk is briefly introduced, including the concept and classification of FDI risk and its influencing factors. Thirdly, by looking up a large number of documents, such as the statistics bulletin of China's foreign direct investment, to sum up the current situation of Chinese enterprises' foreign direct investment, including the development history and main characteristics of Chinese enterprises' foreign direct investment. Then it analyzes the risks faced by Chinese enterprises in foreign direct investment, including political risk, market risk, management risk, cross-cultural management risk and technical risk. Then taking Huawei Company as an example, the paper briefly describes the present situation and characteristics of Huawei's overseas investment, and analyzes several kinds of risks encountered in overseas investment, including specific country risk, market entry barrier, legal risk, exchange rate risk, etc. Interest rate risk, cross-cultural risk, technical risk and operational risk. Then the strategy that Huawei uses to deal with each risk brings enlightenment to other enterprises. Finally, on the basis of the first part of the analysis, some suggestions are given for Chinese enterprises to avoid risks in the process of foreign direct investment. In the aspect of political risk control, we should make investigation and study before investment, choose friendly regional cooperation, comply with operation, etc. In exchange rate risk control, foreign exchange futures hedging, strengthening the awareness of foreign exchange risk management, diversification of production and management, etc. In the risk control of humanistic environment difference, identify cultural differences, cross-cultural training, innovation of cultural integration and so on.
【学位授予单位】：天津商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F279.2;F125
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