我国上市银行资本结构优化问题研究

发布时间：2018-12-14 01:02

【摘要】：商业银行资本结构是商业银行在残酷的竞争中生存、发展、壮大的基础,它的好坏直接关系到银行本身抵御风险的能力。商业银行资本结构的优化问题,一直是理论界与实务界的热门研究课题。从监管视角上来看,在《商业银行资本管理办法》出台以后,商业银行资本结构有了一定变化,而这种变化正赋予了研究“商业银行资本结构优化”这一问题新的意义。本文选取了占据我国银行业金融机构六成资产的16家上市商业银行作为研究对象,在《商业银行资本管理办法》这一最新的资本监管标准实施的背景下,研究我国上市银行资本结构优化问题。首先,本文将我国商业银行的发展划分为三个阶段并分析资本结构在各个阶段所表现出的特点。研究发现,随着时间的推移,我国商业银行资本充足水平逐步提高、资本结构逐步趋于合理化。其次,在新资本监管标准的背景下,本文从资本充足水平、一级资本结构以及二级资本结构三个方面对我国上市商业银行资本结构现状进行分析。研究发现,在资本充足水平方面,所有上市银行均符合目前监管标准,但考虑到不合格二级资本工具退出问题,商业银行有一定二级资本补充压力;在一级资本结构方面,我国商业银行一级资本占据了总资本的绝大多数比例,大型商业银行普遍来说股权高度集中,并且近7成的商业银行为国有控股;在二级资本结构方面,我国上市银行二级资本占比相对较低,二级资本工具相对匮乏,符合新资本监管标准的二级资本工具几乎为零。除此之外,本文以资产增速、盈利能力、传统业务占比、银行风险、资本水平指数以及外部融资行为为自变量,通过面板数据进行回归,分析其对商业银行资本结构的影响。研究结果表明,资产增速、盈利能力、传统业务占比、资本水平指数以及外源性融资对资本充足率均有显著影响,分别呈现出负相关、正相关、正相关、负相关、正相关关系;不良贷款率对资本充足率影响不显著。最后,基于前文研究发现的问题,本文从资本充足水平、一级资本结构以及二级资本结构三个方面,对我国商业银行提出了几点资本结构优化建议。
[Abstract]:The capital structure of commercial banks is the basis of survival, development and growth of commercial banks in the cruel competition. Its quality is directly related to the ability of the banks to resist risks. The optimization of capital structure of commercial banks has always been a hot research topic in theory and practice. From the perspective of supervision, the capital structure of commercial banks has changed after the introduction of Capital Management measures of Commercial Banks, which has given new significance to the study of "Capital structure Optimization of Commercial Banks". This paper selects 16 listed commercial banks, which occupy 60% of the assets of the banking financial institutions in China, as the research object. Under the background of the implementation of the latest capital supervision standard, the measures for Capital Management of Commercial Banks, This paper studies the capital structure optimization of listed banks in China. Firstly, this paper divides the development of Chinese commercial banks into three stages and analyzes the characteristics of capital structure in each stage. It is found that with the passage of time, the capital adequacy level of commercial banks in China gradually increases and the capital structure tends to be rationalized. Secondly, under the background of the new capital supervision standard, this paper analyzes the present situation of capital structure of listed commercial banks in China from three aspects: capital adequacy level, first class capital structure and second class capital structure. The study found that all listed banks meet the current regulatory standards in terms of capital adequacy, but considering the withdrawal of unqualified second-tier capital instruments, commercial banks have a certain pressure to replenish second-tier capital; In the aspect of Tier 1 capital structure, Chinese commercial banks' Tier 1 capital accounts for the vast majority of the total capital. Large commercial banks generally have a high concentration of equity, and nearly 70% of the commercial banks are state-owned. In the aspect of the secondary capital structure, the proportion of the secondary capital in the listed banks in China is relatively low, and the second-level capital instruments are relatively scarce, and the second-class capital instruments that accord with the new capital supervision standard are almost zero. In addition, this paper takes asset growth rate, profitability, traditional business ratio, bank risk, capital level index and external financing behavior as independent variables, and analyzes its influence on the capital structure of commercial banks through panel data. The results show that asset growth, profitability, the proportion of traditional business, capital level index and exogenous financing have significant effects on capital adequacy ratio, showing negative correlation, positive correlation, negative correlation and positive correlation respectively. The influence of non-performing loan ratio on capital adequacy ratio is not significant. Finally, based on the problems found in the previous study, this paper puts forward some suggestions for the optimization of capital structure of Chinese commercial banks from three aspects: capital adequacy level, first class capital structure and second class capital structure.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F832.33

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