基于农业产业化的农户融资模式研究

发布时间：2019-02-14 12:37

【摘要】：农业产业化是我国传统农业向现代农业转变的必由之路，是实现我国农业市场化、规模化、集约化发展的重要举措。然而，当前我国农业产业化的发展还存在诸多制约因素，如农业科学技术的发展与应用脱节，农村金融体系发展滞后，农业产业化发展的资金还存在较大的缺口等等，这些问题都制约着我国转型时期农业的进一步发展，阻碍了我国农业产业化的健康持续发展，其中农业产业化发展所需要的资金特别是农业产业化农户融资困难，是我国农业产业化发展速度缓慢的主要原因。并且，我国农村金融体系发展不能满足农业产业化发展的现实需要，政府财政投入不足，农业保险发展滞后，农业生产风险分担补偿机制欠缺等问题都可以对我国农业产业化的停滞不前作出合理的解释。国家对“三农”问题的关注由来已久，专家学者对农业产业化以及农业产业化融资问题已经做出了大量的理论研究和现实考察，本文从农业产业化中农户融资困境出发，探究了造成农户融资难的深层次原因，这些原因包括政府投入不足、正规金融机构功能和定位缺失、农户融资的市场环境和法律制度还不完善、农户信贷缺乏必要的担保和抵押质押等。基于这些原因，本文认为破解农户融资难需要构建农户信贷担保的风险分担和补偿机制，该机制需要政策性、商业性、农户互助合作性质的担保机构、保险机构的共同参与才能完成。同时，在现有农村金融体系下，从改变农户自身信用状况入手，构建了农户融资的具体模式，包括“农户+金融机构+保险机构”融资模式、“农户+金融机构+保险机构+龙头企业”融资模式、“农户+龙头企业+金融机构+担保机构”的融资模式和“三权”抵押融资模式等，前三种模式都是通过农业产业化过程中农户和其他经济主体形成“风险共担、利益共享”的利益联结机制，通过守约的激励和违约的惩罚机制，共享信息，共担风险，约束农户的行为，，解决农户融资难题。“三权”抵押融资模式主要从增加农户的融资抵押物着手，通过农户土地承包经营权、宅基地使用权和林权的抵押，增强农户信用，从而使农户获得信贷支持。最后从宏观方面对解决农户融资困境提出了政策性建议。
[Abstract]:Agricultural industrialization is the only way to change from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture. It is an important measure to realize the marketization, scale and intensive development of Chinese agriculture. However, there are still many restrictive factors in the development of agricultural industrialization in China, such as the disconnection between the development and application of agricultural science and technology, the lagged development of the rural financial system, the large gap in the funds for the development of agricultural industrialization, and so on. These problems have restricted the further development of agriculture in the transitional period of our country and hindered the healthy and sustainable development of agricultural industrialization in our country. Among them, the funds needed for the development of agricultural industrialization, especially the financing difficulties of agricultural industrialization farmers, are difficult. It is the main reason for the slow development of agricultural industrialization in China. Moreover, the development of rural financial system in China can not meet the actual needs of the development of agricultural industrialization, the government financial investment is insufficient, and the development of agricultural insurance lags behind. The lack of compensation mechanism for agricultural production risk sharing can explain the stagnation of agricultural industrialization in China. The country has long paid attention to the issue of agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Experts and scholars have made a great deal of theoretical research and practical investigation on agricultural industrialization and the financing of agricultural industrialization. This paper starts from the financing dilemma of farmers in agricultural industrialization. This paper explores the deep-seated reasons for the difficulty of farmers' financing, including insufficient government investment, lack of function and orientation of formal financial institutions, imperfect market environment and legal system of farmers' financing. The farmer credit lacks the necessary guarantee and the mortgage pledge and so on. Based on these reasons, this paper thinks that to solve the difficulty of farmers' financing, we need to construct the risk sharing and compensation mechanism of farmers' credit guarantee, which needs the guarantee institutions of the nature of policy, commercial and farmer mutual cooperation. The joint participation of insurance institutions can only be accomplished. At the same time, under the existing rural financial system, starting from changing the credit situation of farmers themselves, the paper constructs the specific mode of farmers' financing, including the financing mode of "peasant household financial institution insurance institution". The financing mode of "peasant household financial institution, insurance institution leading enterprise", "peasant household leading enterprise financial institution guarantee institution" and "three rights" mortgage financing mode, etc. The first three models are formed by farmers and other economic entities in the process of agricultural industrialization, "risk sharing, benefit sharing" mechanism, through compliance incentives and punishment mechanisms for breach of contract, sharing information, sharing risks, Restrain farmer's behavior, solve farmer's financing difficult problem. The mode of "three rights" mortgage financing mainly starts from increasing the financing collateral of the farmers, and strengthens the farmers' credit through the right of land contract management, the right to use the homestead and the mortgage of the forest right, so that the farmers can obtain the credit support. Finally, from the macro aspect to solve the financing dilemma of farmers put forward policy recommendations.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.4

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