流动性过剩背景下商业银行信贷结构调整研究

发布时间：2019-06-19 14:24

【摘要】：利差收入作为我国商业银行的主要收入来源，其高低主要依赖于信贷规模和利率。2008年金融危机后，中国人民银行采取宽松货币政策，连连下调基准利率，一方面商业银行利润空间被挤压，另一方面利率下调使银行被动的接受过多的流动性。为了保证利息收入与盈利能力，银行便开始扩大信贷规模。然而由于我国商业银行信贷结构单一及风险管理能力较低，其信贷投放偏向基础设施、偏向地方政府融资平台、偏向房地产行业的特点导致过多信贷资金涌入该类行业，不仅容易造成相关行业资产泡沫，而且造成“风险大”的中小企业却面临“融资难”的困境。但是信贷过度集中也导致风险过度集中，一旦信贷资金集中企业或行业发生风险，信贷违约概率便会大大上升，银行的损失也会越大。另外，商业银行滞留过多的流动性，且信贷结构长期失调会阻碍货币政策的有效传导，大大降低货币当局通过货币政策调节经济的效果，甚至会将经济拖入衰退。这一教训可从20世纪80年代的日本经济泡沫与21世纪初美国的金融危机出来，我国商业银行应当在借鉴上述两国银行在泡沫形成与破裂过程中的作用汲取教训，合理减少对本已投放过多的基础设施、房地产等行业，，多元化信贷结构，积极发掘新的具有拉动经济增长的行业，增强自身风险管理能力，加大中小企业支持力度，开发个人贷款产品，优化信贷资金配置，提高信贷资金使用效率，从而最终保证银行的盈利能力。
[Abstract]:In the wake of the financial crisis of 2008, the People's Bank of China has adopted the loose monetary policy, and the benchmark interest rate is lowered, on the one hand, the profit space of the commercial bank is squeezed, On the other hand, lower interest rates have allowed banks to accept too much liquidity. In ord to ensure that interest income and profitability, the bank has begun to expand the credit scale. However, because of the low credit structure and low risk management ability of the commercial banks in our country, its credit release is biased towards the infrastructure, and it is biased to the local government financing platform. And the small and medium-sized enterprises that cause the "high risk" face the "financing difficulty" 's dilemma. However, the excessive concentration of credit also leads to an over-concentration of risks, and the higher the probability of credit default, as the risk of the enterprise or industry in the credit fund is concentrated, the greater the loss of the bank. In addition, commercial banks have too much liquidity, and the long-term offset of the credit structure will hinder the effective conduction of monetary policy, which greatly reduces the monetary authorities' effect of adjusting the economy through monetary policy, and can even drag the economy into recession. This lesson can come from the economic bubble of Japan in the 1980s and the financial crisis of the United States in the beginning of the 21st century, and our commercial banks should draw lessons from the role of the two banks in the process of bubble formation and rupture, and reasonably reduce the infrastructure that has been released. Real estate and other industries, diversified credit structures, actively explore new industries with economic growth, enhance their own risk management ability, increase the support of small and medium-sized enterprises, develop individual loan products, optimize the allocation of credit funds, and improve the use efficiency of credit funds, So as to finally guarantee the profitability of the bank.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F832.4

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