泰国象岛国家海洋公园海滩资源经济价值评价研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 22:26

本文关键词：泰国象岛国家海洋公园海滩资源经济价值评价研究　出处：《大连理工大学》2014年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：海洋保护区(MPAs)内的资源属于非市场产品,不能通过普通的市场价格机制来计算,学者们一般通过游憩效益来衡量。经济学家尝试通过使用非市场价值评估来把这些效益与人类福利和保护联系起来,从而能够量化这些非市场资源的价值。泰国象岛国家海洋公园的海滩(KCMNP)资源是吸引游客来旅游的主要资源,但是这些人类活动也给公园内的海滩资源保护带来了一系列的风险。沿海旅游资源价值评估是自然风光公园投资管理的重要信息。因此,评估滨海游憩效益的价值是必要的,游憩效益价值包括使用价值和非使用价值,通过建立一些系统的价值评估框架来进行,例如旅行成本(TCM)法、条件价值评估法(CVM)以及成本效益分析分析(CBA)等。本文也将采用这些方法来对泰国象岛国家海洋公园海滩资源经济价值进行评价研究。首先,本研究综合使用了显示偏好数据和陈述偏好数据,这些数据是通过在景点现场采用分层抽样的方式获得的,研究人员共调查了409名海滩的游客。问卷中综合使用旅行成本法和条件评估法来进行设计,并把象岛国家海洋公园的海岸线作为试点研究领域询问游客的意愿支付(WTP)和消费者剩余(CS)。个人观测旅行成本模型的实证结果显示泰国游客游憩活动的消费者剩余为每人每次旅行208美元,而泊松(POI)和负二项分布(NB)模型的结果显示泰国游客每次旅行的消费者剩余为233美元。相比之下,外国游客的消费者剩余比泰国游客高大约两倍。此外,本文还研究了泰国游客和国外游客分别对于海滩资源保护的意愿支付。结果显示,泰国海滩游客的平均WTP在单边界式问卷条件下为12.01美元／人,在双边界式问卷条件为7.27美元。相比之下,外国游客的支付意愿是泰国游客的两倍。如果将象岛国家海洋公园的所有潜在的海滩游客的CS和WTP进行完整的计算,那么可以看到象岛国家公园的海滩是非常宝贵的旅游资源。这表明适当地提高对游客收取门票的价格是合理的,因为游客获得的收益比他所支付的门票高很多。因此,一个理性的游客会愿意支付门票的钱而不会减少旅行的次数,从而使其能够获得最大化的收益。此外,门票增加所带来的额外的收入可以帮助管理海滩资源,而且门票增加还可以解决公园内过度拥挤的问题,进而能够促进海滩资源的保护。此外,本研究还通过一个污水处理厂(WWTP)项目的提案来使用CVM法测量海洋保护获得的利益。在这个过程中,通过运用成本效益分析(CBA)来证明从公众税收中拨款资助该项目是否在经济上可行。本文随机抽查了300户家庭进行问卷调查,并使用Tobi t模型进行分析。结果显示每个家庭愿意为该项目每年纳税72.36美元,从而可以得到当地社区对该项目愿意支付的货币收益之和为298,753.46美元。CBA的结果表明,即便在计算时没有将所有与项目相关的无形收益考虑在内,该项目的净现值(NPV)每年可以达到46,5162.25美元,内部收益率(IRR)达到9.14%,成本效益比(B/C)为2.21,从而证明该污水处理厂项目从经济角度考虑是可行的。本研究在理论、方法和实证方面有如下创新：(1)在旅行成本法(TCM)方面,本文提供一些关于海滩游憩活动经济价值新的实证证据,对于象岛公园本身甚至是整个东南亚区域的海滩资源价值评价都有借鉴意义。这些价值的研究结果表明,KCMNP海滩资源的利用价值是值得关注的,公园管理者在进行决策时需要注意提高海洋资源的保护和管理的意识,该结论不仅适用于泰国的海洋保护区,在其他类似的滨海区域也同样适用；(2)该研究测量了两种不同游客群体的意愿支付：国内海滩游客和国外游客。两组游客的意愿支付不同是因为两组游客的收入水平和环境敏感性不同,而这些都是影响资源环境经济价值水平的重要因素。这一结果可以用于海滩旅游定价策略中,如可以通过价格歧视策略对国内游客和国外游客收取不同的门票价格。作者相信这些基于本研究结论提出的相关滨海景区管理措施将会对改善泰国海滩公园的管理，促进泰国滨海旅游业的可持续发展起到重要的借鉴作用；(3)本文使用CVM方法进行案例研究,不仅能够弥补东南亚国家在海洋公园环境价值研究领域的不足,而且提出了关于如何将海滩资源评价得到的信息与海水质量保护项目结合起来的一种新的方法,即成本效益分析(CBA)。这为以后的相关研究提供了一个很好的范式。本研究的亮点在于从实证角度来对资源进行经济评估,因为在该领域下很少有研究使用这样的方式。
[Abstract]:Marine protected areas (MPAs) within the resources belong to non market products, can not be calculated by ordinary market price mechanism, scholars generally by economists try to measure the recreation benefit. Through the use of non market value of these benefits linked with human welfare and protection, so as to be able to quantify the value of non market resources in Thailand. Like the Beach Island National Ocean Park (KCMNP) resources are the main resources to attract tourists to travel, but these human activities also give park beach resources protection has brought a series of risks. The coastal tourism resources value evaluation is an important information natural scenery park investment management. Therefore, the evaluation of coastal recreation value is necessary the recreation benefit value includes use value and non use value, to establish a framework through some systematic evaluation, such as travel costs (TCM) Method, conditional value assessment (CVM), cost-benefit analysis and analysis (CBA). This paper will also use these methods to evaluate the economic value of Thailand Elephant Island National Ocean Park beach resources.
First of all, this study uses revealed preference data and stated preference data, these data are obtained by using stratified sampling in the scenic spots at the scene the way, the researchers investigated a total of 409 beach visitors. The integrated use of questionnaire in the travel cost method and contingent valuation method to design, and the Elephant Island National Ocean Park coast line as a pilot research field asked tourists' willingness to pay (WTP) and consumer surplus (CS). The empirical observation of personal travel cost model according to the results of Thailand tourists' recreational activities of consumer surplus per trip is $208, while the Poisson (POI) and two negative binomial (NB) model results show that the Thailand tourists every time the travel consumer surplus of $233. In contrast, foreign tourists consumer surplus about two times higher than the Thailand tourists. In addition, this paper also studies the Thailand tourists and foreign tourists. The willingness to pay for the protection of beach resources shows that the average WTP of beach tourists in Thailand is 12.01 dollars per person under the unilateral boundary questionnaire, and the 7.27 yuan in the bilateral boundary questionnaire. Compared with that, the willingness to pay for foreign tourists is two times that of Thailand tourists.
If all potential tourists like Beach Island National Ocean Park of CS and WTP for a complete calculation, then can see the Elephant Island National Park Beach is very precious tourism resources. This indicates that the appropriate increase of tourists to receive tickets for the price is reasonable, because tourists gain much higher than what he paid tickets. Therefore, a rational tourists would be willing to pay the money and tickets will not reduce the number of trips, so that it can maximize the benefit. In addition, the ticket brings additional income to help manage the beach resources, and increase the tickets can also solve the park overcrowding problem, and can promote the protect the beach resources.
In addition, this study also through a sewage treatment plant (WWTP) project proposal to use CVM method to measure the marine conservation benefits. In this process, through the use of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) to prove that the funding for the feasibility of the project from the tax to the public. In this paper, a random sample of 300 households carried on the questionnaire survey, and analyzed using the Tobi t model. The results show that each family would tax $72.36 for the project every year, so we can get the local community on the project would be willing to pay money and $298753.46.CBA showed that even when calculating the not all project related intangible benefits into account. The net present value of the project (NPV) can reach $465162.25 a year, the internal rate of return (IRR) reached 9.14%, the benefit cost ratio (B/C) is 2.21, which proves that the sewage treatment plant project from the It is feasible to consider the economic angle.
In this study, the theory, methods and empirical aspects are as follows: (1) the travel cost method (TCM), this paper provides some insights on the beach recreation activities of economic value of empirical evidence, as the island park itself or even have reference value evaluation of beach resources throughout the southeast region. The results of these research value show that the use value of KCMNP beach resources is of concern, park managers need to pay attention to improve the conservation and management of marine resources awareness in decision making, marine protected areas and the results are not only suitable for Thailand, is also applicable to other similar in coastal areas; (2) the study measured two different visitors the group's willingness to pay: domestic tourists and foreign tourists. The beach two groups of tourists' willingness to pay is different because the income level and the environmental sensitivity of two groups of tourists, and these are The important factors of resource and environment economic value level. This result can be used for beach tourism in pricing strategies, such as can charge different ticket prices for domestic tourists and foreign tourists through price discrimination strategy. The author believes that these proposed based on the research results related to coastal area management measures will improve the Thailand Beach Park management, an important the reference to promote the sustainable development of Thailand coastal tourism; (3) the CVM method is used for case study, not only can make up for deficiencies in the field of Southeast Asian countries on the value of the Ocean Park environment, and put forward on how to get a new method of beach resources evaluation information and water quality protection projects combine that is, the cost benefit analysis (CBA). Provides a good paradigm for the future research. This study highlights from this An economic assessment of resources in terms of evidence, because few studies have been used in this field.

【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F593.36

【共引文献】