张家口地区古城旧堡踏勘报告

发布时间：2018-03-06 06:05

本文选题：张家口地区　切入点：古城　出处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2014年02期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：2008年,北京大学历史地理与古地图研究中心组织了对张家口地区十余处古代城址(亦包括与张家口相邻的山西几处古城址)的踏勘和考察,在此基础上撰成此文。文章对桑干河流域的山川河流分布、地貌特征、历代交通路线、城址的外部形态、平面结构、选址特征以及与周边地理环境之间的内在联系进行了叙述和分析,并指出:由于桑干河流域半农半牧地区的地理特征,导致在历史时期多次发生大规模的人口迁徙,使得在不同时代由不同民族、不同统治集团所主导的城市建设,具有迥异的风貌。即使是同为中原农耕王朝的汉、唐、明三代,山后地区的城市选址也各有特色。概括而言,汉代的城址,多位于较大河流的河流阶地之上,周围开阔而城址规模较大;而唐代的广边军、怀安县等城址则选择于山间小盆地中,周围地势狭隘;明代城址规模宏大,但多靠近边境与边墙,与汉代相比,则更多地从军事角度着眼。这一差异性体现了城址选择机制中的人文因素。
[Abstract]:In 2008, the Historical Geography and Ancient Map Research Center of Peking University organized a survey of more than ten ancient city sites in Zhangjiakou (including several ancient cities in Shanxi adjacent to Zhangjiakou). On the basis of the above, the paper makes this article. The distribution of mountains and rivers, the geomorphological characteristics, the traffic routes of the past dynasties, the exterior form and the plane structure of the city site in the Sanggan River Basin are discussed. The characteristics of site selection and its internal relationship with the surrounding geographical environment are described and analyzed, and it is pointed out that because of the geographical characteristics of the semi-rural and semi-pastoral areas in the Sanggan River Basin, large-scale population migration has occurred many times in the historical period. The urban construction, which was dominated by different nationalities and ruling groups in different times, had different styles and features. Even the cities of Han, Tang, Ming and Shanhou areas, which were the same as the Central Plains farming dynasties, had their own characteristics. In a nutshell, the cities in the hind areas also had their own characteristics. In the Han Dynasty, most of the city sites were located on the river terraces of the larger rivers, with a large scale and open surrounding areas. However, the sites of the Tang Dynasty, such as Guang#china_person0# and Huai'an County, were chosen in small mountain basins with narrow terrain. The Ming Dynasty city sites were large in scale. However, more close to the border and the side wall, compared with the Han Dynasty, more from a military point of view, this difference reflects the city site selection mechanism of the human factor.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院历史研究所;
【分类号】：K878.3

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