壁画的生物腐蚀与防护研究进展

发布时间：2018-05-17 21:54

本文选题：生物腐蚀 + 昆虫　；参考：《文物保护与考古科学》2014年02期

【摘要】：近年来生物因素对壁画的腐蚀破坏作用受到了众多文物保护工作者的重视,针对壁画生物腐蚀的防护研究取得了可喜的成果。本文从可以造成壁画损害的生物因素出发,综述近年来壁画生物腐蚀研究的成果,分别从小型动物、昆虫、植物、微生物以及游客五个方面阐述对壁画的影响,并讨论了进行生物腐蚀防护的措施和研究方向:对小型动物,使用一些物理性的防护措施,应成为有害动物防护研究的重点;对昆虫,防治重点是减少昆虫的植物性食物,昆虫中存在的捕食关系也是限制昆虫种群数量的一个新的突破口;对微生物,一些具有抑菌效果的无机材料或许可成为生物杀菌剂的替代品;对植物,有害植物的清除技术的提高和有益植物的筛选和应用需要进一步研究;对游客,建立人工复制的壁画或者设立数字影像代替原有文物壁画供人们参观,是目前一条行之有效的措施。本综述成果可为以后的壁画保护工作提供理论指导。
[Abstract]:In recent years, many cultural relic conservationists have attached great importance to the corrosion damage of frescoes by biological factors, and some gratifying results have been obtained in the research on the protection of biological corrosion of murals. Based on the biological factors that can cause damage to murals, this paper summarizes the recent achievements in the research of mural biocorrosion, and expounds the effects on murals from five aspects: small animals, insects, plants, microbes and tourists. The measures and research directions of biological corrosion protection are also discussed. For small animals, some physical protection measures should be used as the focus of the research on the protection of harmful animals, and for insects, the focus of prevention and control is to reduce the plant food of insects. Predatory relationships in insects are also a new breakthrough in limiting insect populations; for microorganisms, some inorganic materials with bacteriostasis may be used as substitutes for biocides; for plants, The improvement of the cleaning technology of harmful plants and the screening and application of beneficial plants need further study; for tourists, the creation of artificially copied murals or the creation of digital images to replace the original cultural relics for people to visit, It is an effective measure at present. The results of this review can provide theoretical guidance for the protection of murals in the future.
【作者单位】：兰州大学生命科学学院;敦煌研究院保护研究所;古代壁画与土遗址保护国家工程技术研究中心;古代壁画保护国家文物局重点科研基地;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金资助(31260136,31070344) 国家文物局文物保护科学和技术研究课题资助(20110208)
【分类号】：K879.41

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