社区参与旅游发展的冲突及治理机制研究

发布时间：2018-10-09 15:40

【摘要】：社区与旅游在空间上的紧密性,使社区在旅游发展过程中的多个层面都处于主体位置。许多旅游活动的开展都要依托社区来进行,社区居民在旅游发展过程中发挥了重要作用。由于各种因素的影响与限制,社区在参与旅游发展的过程中,与其他相关主体之间产生一定的冲突,合理、有效的解决这些冲突是保证社区参与旅游的平衡发展、和谐共处的基本条件。本文基于对大量研究资料和研究成果的分析,总结、分析社区参与旅游发展过程中普遍出现的各类冲突,主要有环境保护方面、经营管理方面、利益分配方面和文化影响方面等。环境方面主要是旅游开发前期开发与保护的冲突、后期的环境治理冲突；管理方面的所有权、经营权、管理权之间的冲突,居民社区与旅游社区的冲突；利益方面的分配冲突、长期与短期利益的冲突；文化方面的本地文化与外来文化的冲突、社区居民与旅游者生活方式的冲突等。并逐一对其进行详细分析,明晰这些冲突产生的原因。同时,针对不同的冲突类型完善相应的治理机制,主要有社区参与的保障机制,以保障社区居民参与权为前提；通过网络化的沟通机制,建立利益保障机制(包括分配、保障、监督机制),保证社区参与各主体之间的利益平衡；建立环境监控机制、景区——社区共管机制,使社区与景区同时参与到旅游目的地经营管理当中,保证社区与景区之间相对平衡的发展关系,避免并解决社区参与过程中产生的各种冲突,促进社区与旅游的共同发展。最后,以少林景区为例进行实证分析,通过实地调查、访谈,在分析少林景区周边三大社区主体参与现状的基础上,总结概括出三大社区主体在参与过程中产生的冲突,并结合少林景区的实际情况制定治理机制,从实际角度完善理论层面的治理机制,为其他地区解决社区参与旅游发展的冲突提供参照依据。
[Abstract]:The closeness of community and tourism in space makes many levels of community in the process of tourism development in the main position. Many tourism activities have to rely on the community, community residents in the process of tourism development has played an important role. Due to the influence and limitation of various factors, there are certain conflicts between the community and other related subjects in the process of participating in tourism development. A reasonable and effective solution to these conflicts is to ensure the balanced development of community participation in tourism. The basic conditions for harmonious coexistence. Based on the analysis of a large number of research materials and research results, this paper summarizes and analyzes various kinds of conflicts commonly occurring in the process of community participation in tourism development, including environmental protection, management and management. Distribution of benefits and cultural influence, etc. The environmental aspect is mainly the conflict between the pre-development and protection of tourism development, the conflict of environmental governance in the later stage, the conflict between ownership, management and management rights of management, the conflict between resident community and tourism community, and the conflict of interest in distribution. The conflict between long-term and short-term interests, the conflict between local culture and foreign culture, the conflict between community residents and tourists' way of life, etc. And the detailed analysis one by one to clarify the causes of these conflicts. At the same time, we should perfect the corresponding governance mechanism for different conflict types, mainly have the safeguard mechanism of community participation, take the protection of community residents' right to participate as the premise, establish the benefit safeguard mechanism (including distribution, safeguard) through the network communication mechanism, To ensure the balance of interests among the main bodies of community participation; to establish an environmental monitoring mechanism and a co-management mechanism between scenic spots and communities, so that both communities and scenic spots can participate in the management of tourist destinations at the same time, To ensure a relatively balanced development relationship between the community and the scenic area, to avoid and solve various conflicts arising in the process of community participation, and to promote the common development of the community and tourism. Finally, take Shaolin scenic spot as an example to carry on the empirical analysis, through the field investigation, the interview, in the analysis Shaolin scenic spot peripheral three community main body participation present situation foundation, summarizes the three community main bodies in the participation process conflict, Combined with the actual situation of Shaolin Scenic area, the governance mechanism is formulated, and the governance mechanism at the theoretical level is perfected from the practical point of view, so as to provide a reference basis for other areas to resolve the conflict of community participation in tourism development.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D669.3;F592.3

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