海岛型旅游目的地生态补偿标准及其差异研究——以普陀山、朱家尖、桃花岛和南北长山岛为例

发布时间：2018-10-11 13:02

【摘要】：国际上,旅游税(污染者付费原则)和旅游费(使用者付费原则)是广泛应用的解决旅游引起的环境外部性问题的方法,其中,住宿税、燃油税和(额外)门票费是一些最常见的例子;作为科斯市场解决环境外部性问题的方法,生态系统(环境)服务付费(受益者付费原则)在旅游领域已逐渐引起重视。海岛生态系统脆弱,海岛型旅游目的地环境的可持续性是海岛旅游可持续发展的必要条件,海岛旅游发展威胁海岛型旅游目的地环境的可持续性。本文运用生态系统(环境)服务付费(PES)和条件价值评估法(CVM),以普陀山、朱家尖、桃花岛和南北长山岛为例,以2013年为评价基准年份,通过调查游客对4个海岛型旅游目的地海洋生态系统提供景观、游泳、调节温度、吸收CO_2等服务和森林生态系统提供景观、乘凉、蓄积淡水、吸收CO_2等服务的支付意愿,评估了4个海岛型旅游目的地的生态补偿标准;并从游客个人收入差异、生态系统服务差异、游客旅行成本差异等3个方面分析了4个海岛型旅游目的地人均生态补偿标准差异的原因。结果表明:(1)2013年,4个海岛型旅游目的地的生态补偿标准分别为普陀山44464.22×10~4元,朱家尖7736.76×10~4元,桃花岛4324.54×10~4元,南北长山岛6756.98×10~4元;(2)4个海岛型旅游目的地人均生态补偿标准(人均WTP值或人均PES值)分别为普陀山74.77元/人次,朱家尖72.34元/人次,桃花岛68.95元/人次,南北长山岛51.58元/人次;(3)游客个人收入差异是海岛型旅游目的地人均生态补偿标准差异的主要影响因素。
[Abstract]:Internationally, tourism tax (polluter pays principle) and tourism fee (user pay principle) are widely used solutions to environmental externalities caused by tourism, among them, accommodation tax, Fuel taxes and (extra) admission fees are some of the most common examples; as the Coase market's solution to environmental externalities, the principle of payment for ecosystem (environmental) services (pay-for-beneficiaries) has gained increasing attention in tourism. Island ecosystem is fragile, island tourism destination environment sustainability is a necessary condition for island tourism sustainable development, island tourism development threatens island tourism destination environment sustainability. In this paper, (PES) for ecosystem (environment) services and conditional value assessment (CVM),) are used to evaluate Putuo Mountain, Zhujiajian Island, Taohua Island and North and South Changshan Island as examples, and 2013 as the evaluation base year. By investigating the willingness of tourists to provide landscape, swim, adjust temperature, absorb CO_2 and forest ecosystem to provide landscape, cool, store fresh water and absorb CO_2, etc. The ecological compensation criteria of the four island tourism destinations were evaluated, and the differences of individual income and ecosystem services were analyzed. This paper analyzes the reasons for the difference of ecological compensation standard per capita in four island tourism destinations from three aspects, such as the difference of tourist travel cost. The results are as follows: (1) in 2013, the ecological compensation standards of the four island tourism destinations were 44464.22 脳 10 ~ 4 yuan in Putuo Mountain, 7736.76 脳 10 ~ 4 yuan in Zhujiajian and 4324.54 脳 10 ~ 4 yuan in Taohua Island, respectively. (2) the per capita ecological compensation standard (per capita WTP value or per capita PES value) for the four island tourism destinations was 74.77 yuan per person in Putuo Mountain, 72.34 yuan per person in Zhujiajian and 68.95 yuan per person in Taohua Island. (3) the difference of tourists' personal income is the main influencing factor of the difference of ecological compensation standard per capita in island tourism destination.
【作者单位】：青岛大学商学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“海岛型旅游目的地生态补偿标准研究”(41301622) 山东省自然科学基金项目“基于空间尺度的海岛型旅游目的地生态补偿标准研究”(ZR2013GQ005) 山东省软科学项目“山东滨海湿地游憩价值评估”(2014RKB01415) 山东省高等学校人文社科研究项目“海岛资源环境承载力与经济发展程度协调度研究”(J14WE24)
【分类号】：F592.7

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