旅游生态补偿标准:类别构成及核算模型

发布时间：2018-11-26 12:58

【摘要】：标准确立是旅游生态补偿研究的核心问题之一。基于综合化思维分析旅游生态补偿标准确立的依据、内容和方法,具有重要研究意义。本文按照内化旅游开发外部成本和旅游生态保护外部效益的要求,分别从正、负外部性视角审视和分析旅游生态补偿标准的类别构成。其中,正外部性视角的补偿标准分别包括基于旅游生态系统服务价值、基于旅游生态保护和建设投入以及基于旅游生态保护机会成本的补偿标准,而基于旅游生态环境治理成本和基于相关主体生态和经济利益损失的补偿标准则构成负外部性视角的旅游生态补偿标准。以不同外部性视角的补偿标准核算内容为基础,以常用的生态效益法、成本法等为参照,可分别建立针对自然环境、旅游生态保护和建设者、旅游地社区居民等对象的旅游生态补偿标准核算模型。现实中,旅游地生态系统游憩服务功能的转化方式及其价值核算方法、旅游生态补偿对象的受偿需求及补偿主体的支付能力和意愿以及补偿标准影响因素的时空差异性等,是值得进一步关注和研究的问题。
[Abstract]:The establishment of standard is one of the core problems in the study of tourism ecological compensation. It is of great significance to analyze the basis, content and method of establishing tourism ecological compensation standard based on comprehensive thinking. According to the requirements of the external cost of internalized tourism development and the external benefits of tourism ecological protection, this paper examines and analyzes the category composition of tourism ecological compensation standards from the perspective of positive and negative externalities respectively. Among them, the compensation standards from the perspective of positive externality include the compensation standards based on the value of tourism ecosystem services, the investment in tourism ecological protection and construction, and the opportunity cost of tourism ecological protection. On the other hand, the compensation standard based on the cost of tourism ecological environment governance and the loss of ecological and economic benefits of related subjects constitutes the tourism ecological compensation standard from the perspective of negative externality. Based on the accounting contents of compensation standards from different externalities, and taking the common ecological benefit method and cost method as reference, we can set up the natural environment, tourism ecological protection and constructors, respectively. The standard accounting model of tourism ecological compensation for tourism community residents. In reality, the transformation mode of recreation service function of tourism ecological system and its value accounting method, the compensation demand of tourism ecological compensation object, the payment ability and willingness of compensation subject, and the space-time difference of influencing factors of compensation standard, etc. It is a problem worthy of further attention and study.
【作者单位】：海南大学旅游学院;云南大学工商管理与旅游管理学院;中国热带农业科学院科技信息研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“海洋自然保护区旅游生态补偿:适应性、运作机理与实现路径研究”(41661111);国家自然科学基金项目“环境正义视角下的滇中湖泊群旅游开发空间排斥机理与调控途径研究”(41361107);国家自然科学基金项目“南海岛屿旅游开发的区域自然环境风险:形成机理、评价模型及调控对策研究——以西沙群岛为例”(41561111) 海南省自然科学基金项目“基于生态正义的三亚海滨旅游生态补偿动态机制研究”(413125)
【分类号】：F590

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