博弈与互惠—利川旅游社区参与理论的实证研究

发布时间：2018-12-29 15:21

【摘要】：旅游迅猛发展带来巨大的经济效益和广阔的发展前景,受到政府、企业、社区、学者等广泛关注。本研究拟用社区理论实证探析利川旅游利益相关者之间的参与关系以及参与特征。本研究分为四个部分。第一部分为绪论,介绍研究背景与研究意义,提出本研究将要研究的内容,概括研究方法,对国内外相关研究进行述评,是本研究的理论基础。第二部分介绍了利川旅游基本情况,笔者选取利川境内腾龙洞、大水井、龙船水乡、佛宝山四个具有代表性的景区进行田野调查,综合分析掌握的第一手资料,叙述每个景区的社区参与状况,是本研究的案例支撑。腾龙洞景区收益较好。其中互惠表现为:随着腾龙洞深层次开发,景区为当地居民修建了公路,便捷了社区居民的出行;政府为企业提供服务,保证了景区正常经营,相应景区的成功经营,提升了利川知名度。博弈表现为:当地社区居民愿意参与旅游分享成果,但由于各种因素,参与不够;景区因成本因素不愿执行政府的创A决策。大水井景区的社区参与状况是不愠不火。周边居民参与积极性高,但景区企业主动性不够,参与的效果不好,分享的红利较少,互惠表现不突出。利益博弈表现为:景区分配给相关旅游企业利润不高,导致旅行社等关联企业在安排旅游产品考虑景区较少,客源市场一直不景气;景区的发展没有达到政府预期目标,处于进退两难的境地;景区与周边居民存在土地纠纷问题。这些博弈阻碍了大水井景区的发展。龙船水乡景区的矛盾比较集中。博弈特征明显:景区与周边居民矛盾突出;与政府关系不融洽;旅行社等关联企业对景区评价不高。景区的发展给船工、导游等社区居民带来了直接的经济收入。佛宝山漂流景区在正常营业期间,社区参与程度高,政府、企业、社区居民都能够参与到旅游发展中,各自的利益都有较好的保障,然而景区因安全事故停业,原有的社区参与状况不再,进而演化出希望政府帮助企业走出难关。第三部分用社区参与的理论分析选取的四个案例,发现四个案例景区都存在着政府、企业、社区居民之间的利益共享与博弈,进而总结出利川旅游社区参与特征有两类,一类是博弈型的社区参与,另一类是互惠型的社区参与,并分析了形成这种状况的原因。第四部分是结论,针对目前利川社区参与旅游的现状,从社区能力建设、政府的有限参与和企业主动作为三个方面提高社区参与效率,提出有效参与模式,希望能实现旅游参与主体之间的利益互惠,并延伸到利川其他景区。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of tourism has brought great economic benefits and broad development prospects, which has been widely concerned by the government, enterprises, communities, scholars and so on. This study intends to use community theory to analyze the participation relationship and characteristics of tourism stakeholders in Lichuan. This research is divided into four parts. The first part is the introduction, which introduces the background and significance of the research, puts forward the content of this study, summarizes the research methods, and reviews the relevant studies at home and abroad, which is the theoretical basis of this study. The second part introduces the basic situation of tourism in Lichuan. The author selects four representative scenic spots in Lichuan, such as Tenglong Cave, Big well, Dragon Boat Water Township, Fobao Mountain, to conduct field investigation, and analyze the first-hand data comprehensively. Describing the community participation of each scenic spot is the case support of this study. Tenglong Cave scenic area income is better. The reciprocity is: with the deep development of Tenglong Cave, the scenic spot has built the highway for the local residents, which is convenient for the residents of the community to travel; The government provides the service to the enterprise, guarantees the scenic spot normal operation, the corresponding scenic spot successfully manages, enhances the Lichuan popularity. The game shows that local community residents are willing to participate in tourism sharing results, but due to various factors, they are not enough to participate, and scenic spots are unwilling to carry out the government's decision to create A due to cost factors. The community participation in Daxi Scenic spot is not very hot. Residents around the high participation enthusiasm, but the scenic area enterprise initiative is not enough, the effect of participation is not good, share the dividend less, the performance of reciprocity is not outstanding. The benefit game is shown as: the profit of the scenic spots allocated to the related tourism enterprises is not high, which leads to the travel agencies and other related enterprises consider less scenic spots in the arrangement of tourism products, and the tourist market has been depressed; The development of scenic spot has not reached the expected goal of the government, and it is in a dilemma; there are land disputes between the scenic spot and the surrounding residents. These games hinder the development of Daxi scenic spot. Dragon boat water scenic areas of the contradictions are relatively concentrated. The game features are obvious: the contradiction between scenic spots and surrounding residents is prominent; the relationship with the government is not harmonious; travel agencies and other related enterprises to the scenic spot evaluation is not high. The development of scenic spot brings direct economic income to boatmen, tour guides and other community residents. During the normal operating period of the floating scenic spot in Fobao Mountain, the level of community participation is high. The government, enterprises, and community residents are all able to participate in the development of tourism, and their respective interests are better safeguarded. However, the scenic spots are closed down because of safety accidents. The original situation of community participation no longer, and then evolved to hope that the government to help enterprises out of difficulties. The third part uses the theory of community participation to analyze the four selected cases, found that there are four cases of scenic spots between the government, enterprises, community residents of the interests of the sharing and game, and then summed up the characteristics of tourism community participation in two types of Lichuan. One is the game type community participation, the other is the reciprocal community participation. The fourth part is the conclusion, according to the current situation of community participation in tourism, from the community capacity building, limited government participation and enterprise initiative as three aspects to improve the efficiency of community participation, put forward an effective participation model. We hope to realize the mutual benefit between tourism participants and extend to other scenic spots in Lichuan.
【学位授予单位】：湖北民族学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F592.7

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