上市公司审计师变更研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 06:32

本文选题：审计师变更 + 审计师选择　；参考：《西南财经大学》2003年硕士论文

【摘要】： 证券市场运行的有效性和安全性在很大程度上依赖市场信息的质量，对市场信息质量做出评价则是注册会计师的职责。随着证券市场的发展，证券审计服务也发生了令人瞩目的变化，脱钩改制、中介机构清理整顿、会计师事务所合并重组等一系列重大变革促使着我国注册会计师行业不断走向成熟。在世纪交替之际，我们却亲历了独立审计市场的阵痛。从1997年的“琼民源”案到2001年的“银广厦”案，一系列重大案件激起了社会的广泛关注，更多资本市场的信息使用者开始思考这样的问题：独立审计到底能为资本市场的信息系统提供多大程度的保障？目前的审计执业界到底扮演着什么样的角色？研究透视审计师与上市公司之间相互关系与行为特征的审计师变更，则为我们解答上述问题提供了有益的切入点。审计师变更作为审计师选择行为的特例，在资本市场中频频发生，研究其信息含量对投资者和监管部门的决策都具有重要意义。本文的研究也就围绕对审计师变更的关注展开，主要通过公开信息和相关统计资料，重点选取了审计师变更的经济后果、信息披露及审计师选择规律等核心问题进行研究，总体思想是通过数据证实审计师变更事件存在着潜在的不利经济后果，以便支持或建议必要的资本市场审计监管政策。因此，本文通过以下五个部分对我国证券市场发生的审计师变更事件进行初步的分析： 1.审计师变更概述。上市公司治理结构的制度性缺陷，打破了上市公司与注册会计师平衡的审计关系，而审计师自主聘用模式及证券审计市场的低集中度更是加重了二者关系的失衡，导致审计师在上市公司审计关系中被迫处于从属地位。当二者关系改变时，上市公司的施压或审计师的屈从，都可能产生众多不利经济后果，从而引出本文对审计师变更的关注。审计师变更即主审会计师事务所的变更，当上市公司年报审计的 WP=3 审计师与最近会计年度的审计师不同时，可判断发生了审计师变更。其实质为由于受托经济责任的改变而导致上市公司与前任审计师审计关系的终止，与后任审计师审计关系的建立，依据发起方的不同，可分为自愿变更，强制变更和审计师辞聘三种类型。本文随之从数量，发起方和市场分布总体描述了从1997年-2001年间我国证券审计市场中发生的审计师变更事件，发现审计师变更呈逐年增加的趋势，其中以审计师被解聘为主要类型，而审计师辞聘却是少之又少。 2.审计师变更类型之一：自愿变更分析。自愿变更在审计师变更行为中占据着重要的地位。上市公司之所以解聘前任审计师，中西方已有的实证均认为具有某些特征的上市公司容易变更审计师，但通过查阅上市公司的年报，本文发现上市公司倾向于隐瞒解聘审计师的真实动因。在后任审计师的选择上，上市公司则倾向于选择本地的、规模较小的、出具不清洁审计意见比重低的审计师。以1997年-2001年发生的221例自愿变更作为样本来考察审计师变更的经济后果，本文发现上市公司通过变更审计师可以达到美化财务状况以实现其盈余管理的目的。审计师的独立性因此也受到影响，特别是在变更年度前被出具了非标准审计意见的上市公司，审计师变更后，其审计意见改善的比率大为提高，审计意见恶化的比率却有所降低。联系审计师规模的变化，本文发现当审计师规模由大到小时，审计意见更容易得到改善，当审计师的规模由小到大时，审计意见更多的被恶化，对审计师独立性有不小的影响。 3.审计师变更类型之二：强制变更分析。强制变更蕴涵着诸多的信息。我国证券市场中发生的强制变更集中在1998年、2000年及2001年，原因在于事务所的合并重组或失去证券执业资格。审计师对强制变更客户有激烈争夺，但并没有出现国外变更客户被“大所”取代的现象。审计师暂时失去证券资格则客户量锐减，审计师的公信力凸现。上市公司在选择后任审计师时则倾向于选择本地审计师，出现了与“签字会计师”流动方向一致以及A、B股审计师合二为一的现象。以1997年-2001年发生的229例强制变更来探讨强制变更的经济后果。本文发现后任审计师出具的审计意见类型改善程度大为下 WP=4 降，这与监管措施和社会监督力度的加强有关，但是上市公司存在“搭便车”的可能，也就是借助强制变更达到原本就要更换审计师的目的。在对审计市场集中度的影响上，本文发现审计师的合并重组对审计市场集中度有积极作用，而审计师失去证券执业资格则会给集中度带来负面影响。 4.审计师变更类型之三：审计师辞聘分析。在我国目前存在较高审计风险的背景中，审计师辞聘事件却是少之又少。可能的原因在于我国审计师风险意识的不足，也和现行的披露制度有关。西方实证研究认为审计师由于“诉讼风险”或出于“交易成本”的考虑而提出辞呈，，根据上市公司年报披露本文总结了我国审计师辞聘的原因，系上市公司财务困境、与审计师之间的意见分歧或审计师业务调整的需要而导致。以1997年-2001年发生的7例审计师辞聘分析其经济后果。本文发现上市公司在审计师变更后审计意见并没得到改善，其财务状况也倾向于恶化，这与西方已有的研究截然不同，也和自愿变更和强制变更的结论截然不同。 5.审计师变更的信息披露及监管。审计师变更信息披露制度
[Abstract]:The validity and the security of the operation of the securities market depend to a large extent on the quality of the market information , and the evaluation of the market information quality is the responsibility of the registered accountant . With the development of the security market , the securities audit service has also witnessed remarkable changes , and a series of major changes such as hook - off and restructuring , the clearing of the intermediary institutions and the merger of the accounting firms have prompted the Chinese CPA profession to continue to mature .

At the turn of the century , we have experienced the pains of the independent audit market . From the case of June 1997 to the " Silver Guangzhou Ha " case in 2001 , a series of major cases have aroused wide concern of the community , and more information users in the capital market have begun to think about the question : what role the independent audit can provide to the information system of the capital market ? What role is the current auditing industry ? The study of the auditor ' s change in relation and behavior characteristic between the perspective auditor and the listed company provides a useful entry point for us to answer the above questions .

As a special case of the auditor ' s choice behavior , the auditor changes the frequency frequency in the capital market , and studies its information content to the investors and regulators . The general idea is to confirm the potential adverse economic consequences of the auditor ' s change through the data , so as to support or recommend the necessary capital market audit supervision policy .

1 . An overview of the auditor ' s change . The institutional weakness of the governance structure of the listed company breaks the auditing relation between the listed company and the registered accountant , and the auditor ' s independent employment mode and the low concentration of the securities audit market have aggravated the imbalance of the relationship . When the relationship is changed , the pressure of the listed company or the power of the auditor may result in many adverse economic consequences , thus leading to the attention of the auditor ' s change .

The change of the auditor , that is , the change of the accounting firm , shall be audited by the annual report of the listed company

WP=3

The auditor is different from the auditor in the recent accounting year , which can judge the auditor ' s change . The essence is that the audit relationship between the listed company and the former auditor can be divided into three types according to the change of the entrusted economic responsibility . According to the difference of the initiator , the auditor ' s change is divided into three types : voluntary change , compulsory change and auditor ' s resignation .

2 . One of the types of auditor ' s change : Voluntary change analysis . Voluntary changes occupy an important position in the auditor ' s change behavior . The listed companies have found that listed companies with certain characteristics can change the auditors easily . However , by consulting the annual reports of listed companies , it is found that the listed companies tend to conceal the real motivation of the auditors . In the choice of the latter auditors , the listed companies tend to choose the local auditors with low specific gravity .

The auditor ' s independence is also affected . The auditor ' s independence is also affected , especially after the change of auditor ' s size , the ratio of audit opinion improvement is greatly improved , and the audit opinion is more easily improved . When the auditor ' s scale is small to hour , the audit opinion is more easily improved . When the auditor ' s size is small , the audit opinion is more deteriorated and has little influence on the independence of the auditor .

3 . The second type of auditor ' s change : forced change analysis . The mandatory change in China ' s security market is concentrated in 1998 , 2000 and 2001 because of the merger and restructuring of the firm or the loss of the qualification of the securities . The auditor has lost the qualification of securities for the time , but the auditor ' s credibility is convex . The listed company tends to choose the local auditor when selecting the post - office auditor , and appears to be consistent with the direction of the " signatory accountant " and A , B - share auditors .

The economic consequences of forced changes are explored in 229 cases of forced change in 1997 - 2001 . This paper finds that the degree of improvement in the type of audit opinion issued by the latter auditor is greatly reduced

WP=4

It is related to the strengthening of supervision measures and social supervision , but the possibility of " free rider " in listed companies is the purpose of replacing the auditor with the help of compulsory change . In the influence of concentration of audit market , this paper finds that the merger and reorganization of auditors has a positive effect on the concentration of audit market , while the auditor loses the qualification of securities , which will have a negative impact on concentration degree .

In the background of the higher audit risk in our country , the auditor ' s resignation is very little . The possible reason is that the auditor ' s risk consciousness is insufficient , and it is related to the current disclosure system . The reason of the auditor ' s dismissal is summarized in the paper . According to the annual report of the listed company , this paper summarizes the reasons of the auditor ' s dismissal , the financial distress of the listed company , the difference of opinion between the auditors and the needs of the auditor ' s business adjustment .

In 1997 - 2001 , 7 auditors were employed to analyze their economic consequences . In this paper , it was found that the audit opinions of listed companies were not improved after the changes of the auditors , their financial position also tended to deteriorate , which was quite different from those already in the West , and different from the conclusions of voluntary changes and forced changes .

5 . Information disclosure and supervision of auditor ' s changes . The auditor changes the information disclosure system

【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：F239.2

【引证文献】