证券市场审计质量低下的原因及对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 23:27

本文选题：审计质量 + 自愿需求　；参考：《西南农业大学》2003年硕士论文

【摘要】： 完善信息披露制度是解决证券市场信息不对称的主要途径之一。独立、客观、公正的审计服务为财务信息的相关性、可靠性提供了合理保证。但随着国内新老三案及银广厦事件等特大财务舞弊案件的曝光，注册会计师执业质量受到社会各界前所未有的关注。审计职业界陷入了诉讼爆炸时代，声誉受到严重置疑，审计所起到的作用与社会公众期望的差距越来越大。本研究运用经济学原理和新制度经济学理论，分别从证券市场对高质量审计服务的需求和供给关系进行分析，从而提出改善我国现有审计制度环境，创造对高质量审计服务自愿性需求和主动供给的制度环境，并提出相关的宏观和微观层面的政策建议。本论文研究结构如下：第一章总论。简述研究动机、方法结构；第二章理论基础，明晰了本文涉及的基础理念，特别是对审计本质及经济作用的探讨，为进一步分析奠定了理论基础。第三章对我国证券审计市场现状考察，分析我国在经济转轨时期新兴的证券市场与西方成熟证券市场的区别，明确了我国独特的审计环境研究背景。第四章分别就IPO市场和二级市场对高质量审计服务的需求情况，详细分析了对高质量审计服务自愿性需求不足的原因；就影响事务所主动提供高质量审计服务的因素进行了系统分析。从供需关系论述了现阶段我国审计市场缺乏高质量审计服务的原因。第五章初步运用博弈论原理对监管层与注册会计师的关系进行分析，为监管层正确制定政策提供经济学基础。第六章，分别立足于需求方与监管方、供给方与监管方，有针对性地提出我国建立高审计质量供求的制度环境和微观层面的具体政策建议。第七章研究结论及局限性。本论文采用规范分析和实证分析相结合的研究方法，以规范分析为主，在对具体问题研究时，逻辑演绎的基础上，辅之以试验室研究方法，逐层展开论述。研究结论如下： 1．分别就IPO市场(initial public offerings，股票首次公开发行)和二级市场对高质量审计服务的需求分析。研究表明IPO市场的“标准控制”和新股发行定价模式导致企业许多行为是面向政府管制而非市场。我国独立审计并不是市场自发行为，而是为了迎合政府管制的需要而模仿国际惯例的产物。IPO市场的“低风险、高收益”特点决定只要争取到政府额度就能成功发行并获得高额报酬，为了提高发行价格，企业管理当局往往有进行盈余管理的动机，倾向于聘请独立性低、较配合的事务所担任其主审会计师事务所。再加上证券市场对新股存在“投资饥渴”，社会公众根本不关心拟上市公司主审会计师事务所的执业质量高低。在二级市场上，非流通股一股独大，国有持股主体严重缺位，公司治理机制失效，导致严重内部人控制问题；又由于增资配股、避免摘牌或特别处理的压力，内幕交易的需要而产生的强烈的“盈余管理”动机，管理当局并不需要高质量审计服务。由此可见，在我国证券市场上，缺乏迫使管理当局自愿对高质量审计服务产生需求的制度环境。 Study OO thC pfobleth OflOW BUdlt qll8llty Off SCCIfltICS iarklt 二、对影响会计师事务所供给高质量审计服务的因素分析表明事务所不会主动提供高质量审计服务的原因如下：由于需求不足导致缺乏内在经济动机；法律风险低使违规退出成本不高；恶性竟争引发的低价揽客行为对审计质量的直接损害；挂靠体制遗留问题和许可证管理导致低执业风险意识；再加上从行业自身来讲，队伍建设和职业道德的缺乏。研究表明会计师事务所很难通过自身调节和市场调节主动提供高质量审计服务。三、在现阶段，经济动机和法律风险对提高审计质量促进作用并不明显，加强监管就成为提升审计质量的决定力量。博奕研究表明，监管力度加大即加大对注册会计师不公正执业的处罚力度，减少注册会计师不公正执业的边际收益及政府监管成本的降低，都能显著提高注册会计师最优战略（公正执业）的概率。在一定程度上为政府监管的必要性及尺度提供了理论支持，进行了成本效益分析，指明了监管政策实施方向。通过对审计质量在证券市场供求关系分析可见，，现阶段，我国审计市场基本是按买方市场运行的，政府介入是推动市场化进程的主要力量。针对我国独特的审计执业环境。要从根本上解抉审计质量低下的现状，本研究提出以下政策建议：一、立足于需求方和监管方的分析，建立需要高质量审计服务的社会制度环境，让注册会计师事务所具有自愿保持并提高执业质量的审计环境。具体为：1．完善公司治理机制，解决国有股一股独大和流通性问题。2．进一步改革股票发行审核制度和新股定价模式，培育成熟投资者。3．建立独立于董事会的审计委员会切实保障事务所利益。二、立足于供给方和监管方的分析，建立能提供高质量审计服务的制度环境。应从以下入手：1．改革事务所现有组织形式，推行有限责任合伙制。2．建立注册会计师惩戒委员会和公众公司会计监督委员会，加强行业监督。3．启动民事赔偿机制，加大法律风险，提高违规退出成本。4．提升现有的市场准入制度，完善许可证管理，建立退出机制。5．建立合理的星级经营制
[Abstract]:Improving the information disclosure system is one of the main ways to solve the information asymmetry in the securities market. Independent, objective and impartial audit services provide a reasonable guarantee for the relevance of financial information and the reliability of the information. However, with the exposure of the cases of large financial frauds such as the new three cases and the events of the silver Guangxia, the quality of Certified Public Accountants is subject to society. The audit profession has fallen into the era of litigation explosion, and the reputation has been seriously doubted. The gap between the role of audit and the expectations of the public is increasing.
Based on the theory of economics and the theory of new institutional economics, this study analyzes the demand and supply relationship of high quality audit services in the securities market, and proposes to improve the existing audit system environment in China, create a system environment for the voluntary demand and active supply of high quality audit services, and put forward relevant macro and micro aspects. Level of policy recommendations.
The research structure of this paper is as follows: Chapter 1 general theory. Brief introduction of research motivation, method structure; the second chapter theoretical basis, clarified the basic concept of this article, especially the discussion on the essence of audit and economic function, and laid a theoretical foundation for further analysis. The third chapter examines the current situation of China's Securities Audit Market and analyzes China's economy. The difference between the emerging securities market and the western mature securities market in the transition period clearly defines the background of the unique audit environment in China. The fourth chapter analyzes the reasons for the lack of voluntary demand for high quality audit services in detail on the demand for high quality audit services in the IPO market and the two level market, and affects the initiative of the firm. The factors that provide high quality audit service are systematically analyzed. The reasons for the lack of high quality audit service in the present stage of audit market in China are discussed from the relationship between supply and demand. The fifth chapter analyzes the relationship between the supervision layer and the CPA by the principle of game theory, and provides the economic basis for the correct formulation of the policy by the regulatory layer. The sixth chapter is divided into two chapters. Not based on the demand side and the regulators, the suppliers and the regulators, the specific policy proposals for establishing the institutional environment and micro level of the high audit quality supply and demand are put forward in China. The seventh chapter is the conclusion and limitations of the research.
In this paper, the method of combining normative analysis and empirical analysis is adopted, which is based on normative analysis. On the basis of the study of specific problems and logical deduction, the research method of laboratory is supplemented by the method of test room. The conclusions are as follows:
1. the analysis of the demand for high quality audit services in the IPO market (initial public offerings, the first public stock issue) and the level two market. The research shows that the "standard control" of the IPO market and the IPO pricing model lead to the government regulation rather than the market. Our independent audit is not a self issuing of the market. In order to cater to the needs of government regulation, the "low risk, high yield" characteristic of the product of.IPO market, which imitates international practice, determines that as long as the government quota can be successfully issued and received high remuneration, in order to increase the price of the issue, the enterprise management authorities often have the motivation to enter the earnings management and tend to employ low independence. In addition, the public is not concerned with the quality of the certified public accounting firms of the listed companies. In the two level market, the non circulation shares are unique, the state-owned shares are seriously absent, and the corporate governance mechanism is invalid. It leads to serious insider control problems, and the strong "earnings management" motivation produced by the need for insider trading, because of increasing capital and allotment, avoiding the pressure of delisting or special treatment, and the management authorities do not need high quality audit services. A system environment that produces demand.
Study OO thC pfobleth OflOW BUdlt qll8llty Off SCCIfltICS iarklt
Two, the analysis of the factors that affect the quality audit service provided by accounting firms shows that firms will not provide them voluntarily.
The reasons for high quality audit services are as follows: lack of demand leads to lack of intrinsic economic motivation; low legal risk violating regulations.
The cost of exit is not high; the direct act of low price soliciting behavior caused by vicious competition leads to the audit quality.
Questions and licensing management lead to low professional risk awareness, and from the industry itself, team building and professional ethics.
Research shows that it is difficult for accounting firms to provide high quality audit services through self regulation and market regulation.
Three, at this stage, economic motives and legal risks do not promote the improvement of audit quality, and strengthen supervision.
It has become the decisive force to enhance the quality of audit. Game research shows that the increase of supervision means that the CPA should not be increased.
The penalties for fair practice reduce the marginal revenue of the unfair practice of CPAs and the reduction of government regulatory costs.
It can significantly improve the probability of CPA's best strategy (fair practice). To a certain extent, it is necessary to supervise the government.
We have provided theoretical support for sex and scale, and conducted cost-benefit analysis, pointing out the direction of regulatory policy.
By analyzing the relationship between audit quality and supply and demand in the stock market, we can see that the audit market in China is basically buying at the present stage.
The government intervention is the main force to promote the marketization process in the local market.
To fundamentally solve the problem of low audit quality, this study proposes the following policy recommendations:
First, based on the analysis of the demand side and the regulators, we need to establish a social institutional environment that requires high quality audit services.
The CPA firm has the auditing environment to voluntarily maintain and improve the quality of practice. Specifically, 1..
Rationale to solve the problem of dominance and liquidity of state-owned shares,.2. further reform the stock issuing audit system and new shares.
Pricing mode, nurturing mature investor.3., establishing independent board of audit committee to effectively protect the interests of the firm.
Two, based on the analysis of suppliers and regulators, we should establish a system environment that can provide high quality audit services.
The following are the following: 1.. Reform the existing organizational form of the firm, implement the limited liability partnership.2., and establish the CPA's punishment.
The Committee and the public company's accounting oversight board have stepped up industry supervision,.3., started the civil compensation mechanism, and increased the law.
Risk, improve the exit cost.4., improve the existing market access system, improve license management, and establish exit machines.
Setting up a reasonable star star management system by making.5.

【学位授予单位】：西南农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2003
【分类号】：F239.6

【引证文献】