中国上市公司审计机构变更的实证研究

发布时间：2018-07-15 22:01

【摘要】：我国证券市场的起步较晚，1990年12月上海证券交易所成立，1991年6月深圳证券交易所成立。经过十余年的发展，证券市场的监管体系及自律体系日益完善。随着近年来我国证券市场琼民源、红光事件和麦克特等一系列财务舞弊案件的曝光，监管机构和证券市场的投资者对于审计报告的重视和关注程度逐步提高，审计机构不可避免的成为其关注的核心。注册会计师审计不同于政府审计和内部审计，其并不具有强制性，上市公司对于审计机构的选择具有一定的自由度。我国上市公司更换审计机构的情况日益增多。根据有关资料显示，自1995年以来上市公司变更审计机构的比例逐年增加。这其中既包括了正常的会计师事务所变更，也不乏通过变更会计师事务所购买审计意见、掩盖虚假财务信息的情况。审计机构变更的发起人即可能是上市公司，也可能为会计师事务所。如果审计机构的变更是由于事务所不同意上市公司的会计政策选择，出具不清洁审计意见，而被其解聘，则很可能导致审计意见的收买行为，最终降低审计质量。如果审计机构的变更是由于事务所担心潜在的审计风险过高而拒绝继续提供审计服务，则审计质量可以说在一定程度上得到了提高。目前，我国拥有证券、期货相关业务许可证的会计师事务所多达72家，其规模偏小，对单一客户的依赖性较强。我国会计师事务所竞争激烈的执业环境决定了独立性较高的事务所被更换的可能性更大，同时也意味着上市公司在变更审计机构时可以有更多的“选择”空间。上市公司审计机构的变更已经引起了监管部门、从业人员以及专家学者的重视，在加强其监管力度的同时，也采用各种研究方法寻找审计机构变更的影响因素。针对我国上市公司审计机构变更的现状和会计师定期轮换制度的出台，笔者以2002年度变更审计机构的上市公司为样本，对上 WP=55 市公司变更审计机构的原因进行了实证分析，以期找出影响审计机构变更的主要原因，建立审计机构变更的预测模型。通过对审计机构变更影响因素的分析，可以初步判断我国审计机构变更动因是否是有利于证券市场的健康发展、是否存在审计意见购买倾向、是否有利于审计市场的良性竞争以及审计质量的提高等，并针对上诉问题提出相应的政策建议。本文在借鉴前人文献的基础上，提出了可能影响审计机构变更的假设，综合考虑了影响审计机构变更的诸多因素，同前人的文献相比，本文对于审计机构变更影响因素的分析更为全面，更好的反映了我国资本市场中哪些因素在影响审计机构的变更，哪些因素在审计机构变更中并不起决定性作用。本文的样本为2002年度变更审计机构的55家上市公司，为进一步分析审计机构变更的影响因素，本文还选取了55家2002年度没有变更审计机构的上市公司作为配对样本。配对样本的选取标准为同审计机构发生变更的上市公司属于同一行业的并同其资本规模最为接近的上市公司。在进行样本配对时，，深市和沪市的上市公司是分别进行的。本文选取2002年度审计机构发生变更的上市公司为样本，较能反映我国上市公司审计机构变更的现状，同时也在配对过程中采用了同行业资产规模最相近的上市公司，避免了行业和资产规模对于审计机构变更的影响。本文对于审计机构变更的研究着重于其影响因素，在初步分析目前我国审计机构变更的现状及其信披露后，利用统计分析中的描述性统计和LOGISTIC回归模型对于本文提出的基本假设进行了检验，并建立了审计机构变更的预测模型。描述性统计结果显示：当上市公司与审计机构处于同一地域时，审计机构发生变更的可能性较小，而处于不同地域时，发生变更的可能性较大。当上市公司前一年度收到了非标准审计意见的审计报告时，审计机构发生 WP=56 变更的可能性较大，收到了标准审计意见的审计报告时，审计机构发生变更的可能性较小。当上市公司被特别处理时，审计机构变更的可能性较大；当上市公司未被特别处理时审计机构变更的可能性较小。审计机构发生变更的样本中变更前一年度上市公司应计利润占净利润的比例要大与未发生变更的样本，其存在盈余管理的可能性更大。审计机构发生变更的样本中变更前一年度上市公司净资产收益率要小于未发生变更的上市公司，其盈利能力较低，出现财务困境的可能性更大本文在SPSS回归中采用了Forward: LR方法。通过两步回归，共有两个变量被纳入了审计机构变更的影响模型，其一为审计机构变更的前一年度上市公司同审计机构是否处于同一地域，其二为审计机构变更前一年度上市公司收到的审计意见的类型，并且二者均通过显著性检验。经过两步筛选后，模型的P值为0.000，小于5%，说明引入地域因素和审计意见的模型显著准较好，通过了显著性检验。其余变量均为通过显著性检验，并未纳入该模型。经过两步变量筛选之后，模型的预测准确率为70.40%。其余变量未通过显著性检验的原因之一就是变量之间存在着共线性，相关系数分析中显示审计意见类型与其它变量的相关性水平较高。为了进一步衡量审计意见的类型同其他变量的关系，本文还以审计意见类型为因变量，以其他变量为自变量进行回归分析，用于考查其它因素对审计意见类型的影响。回归结果显示上市公司审计意见的类型受到净资产收益率的
[Abstract]:The securities market in China started late, the Shanghai stock exchange was established in December 1990 and the Shenzhen stock exchange was established in June 1991. After more than ten years' development, the supervision system and self-discipline system of the securities market are becoming more and more perfect. With the recent years, the financial fraud cases such as red light and Mct have been exposed in the securities market of China. The attention and attention of the regulators and the securities market investors to the audit report are gradually increasing. The audit institutions inevitably become the core of their concern. The CPA audit is different from the government audit and the internal audit. It is not mandatory, and the listed company has a certain degree of freedom for the selection of the audit institutions. The situation of changing the audit institutions of Listed Companies in China is increasing. According to the relevant information, the proportion of the listed companies has increased year by year since 1995. This includes the change of the normal accounting firm and the case of disguise the false financial information by changing the accounting firm to purchase the opinion of the audit.
The initiator of the change of the audit institution may be the listed company or the accounting firm. If the change of the audit institution is because the firm does not agree with the choice of the accounting policy of the listed company, and the dismissal of the audit opinion, and the dismissal of it, it is likely to lead to the auditing of the purchase behavior, and ultimately reduce the quality of the audit. The change in the organization is due to the fact that the firm is worried that the potential audit risk is too high and refuses to continue to provide audit services. The audit quality can be improved to a certain extent. At present, there are up to 72 accounting firms with securities and futures related business licenses in China, with small scale and strong dependence on single customers. The competitive practice environment of Chinese accounting firms determines the possibility that higher independent firms can be replaced, and it also means that the listed companies can have more "choice" space when they change the audit institutions.
The changes in the audit institutions of the listed companies have aroused the attention of the supervision department, the practitioners and the experts and scholars. At the same time, they also adopt various research methods to find the influence factors of the change of the audit institutions. Take the listed companies of changing audit institutions in 2002 as samples.
WP=55
In order to find out the main reasons that affect the change of audit institutions and establish the prediction model of the change of audit institutions, it is possible to determine whether the change motivation of the audit institutions is beneficial to the healthy development of the securities market. There is a tendency to purchase the audit opinion, whether it is beneficial to the sound competition of the audit market and the improvement of the audit quality, and puts forward the corresponding policy suggestions on the appeal.
On the basis of the predecessors' literature, this paper puts forward the hypothesis that may affect the change of audit institutions, and comprehensively considers many factors that affect the change of audit institutions. Compared with the previous literature, the analysis of the factors affecting the change of audit institutions is more comprehensive, which is better reflecting the factors affecting the audit in China's capital market. The change of institutions and which factors do not play a decisive role in the change of audit institutions. The sample of this article is 55 listed companies that have changed audit institutions in 2002. In order to further analyze the factors affecting the change of audit institutions, this paper also selected 55 listed companies that did not change audit institutions in 2002 as paired samples. The listed companies in the same industry and the most close to their capital are the listed companies that have changed with the audit institutions. When the sample pairs are matched, the listed companies in Shenzhen and Shanghai are separately carried out. In this paper, the listed companies that have changed in the 2002 annual audit institutions are selected as the samples, which can reflect the listing of the listed companies in China. The present situation of the change of the company's audit institutions has also adopted the listed companies with the most similar assets in the same industry during the pairing process, avoiding the impact of the industry and the scale of assets on the change of audit institutions.
In this paper, the research on the change of audit institutions focuses on the influencing factors. After a preliminary analysis of the present situation of the change of audit institutions in China and the disclosure of their letters, the basic assumptions made by the descriptive statistics and the LOGISTIC regression model in the statistical analysis are tested and the prediction model of the change of audit institutions is established.
The descriptive statistics show that when the listed company and the audit institution are in the same region, the possibility of the change of the audit institution is small, and the possibility of the change is greater when it is in different regions. When the listed company received the audit report of non standard audit opinion in the previous year, the audit institution took place.
WP=56
The possibility of change is larger. When the audit report of the standard audit opinion is received, the possibility of changing the audit institution is smaller. When the listed company is specially treated, the possibility of the change of the audit institution is larger; the availability of the change of the audit institution is small when the listed company is not specially treated. The change of the audit institution changes in the sample. In the previous year, the proportion of the listed companies' accrued profits accounted for the large proportion of the net profit and the sample that did not change, and the possibility of the surplus management is greater. The change of the sample of the audit institution has changed the net assets of the listed company in the previous year to be less than the listed company which has not changed, its profitability is low, and the financial difficulties arise. It's more likely to be more likely
In this paper, the Forward: LR method is used in the SPSS regression. Through two steps, two variables are incorporated into the influence model of the change of the audit institution, one is whether the listed company in the previous year of the audit institution is in the same area with the audit institution, and the other is the audit opinion that the audit institution has received the audit opinion that the listed company received in the previous year. After two steps, the P value of the model is 0 and less than 5%. It shows that the model which introduces the regional factors and the audit opinion is obviously better and has passed the significance test. The other variables are all through the significant test, and the model is not included in the model. After the selection of two steps, the model is predicted. The accuracy rate is 70.40%.
One of the reasons that the other variables have not passed the significant test is that there is a common linearity between the variables. The correlation coefficient analysis shows that the correlation of audit opinion type and other variables is higher. In order to further measure the relationship between the types of audit opinion and the other variables, this paper also uses the audit opinion type as the dependent variable and other variables. The regression analysis of the independent variables is used to examine the influence of other factors on the type of audit opinion. Regression results show that the type of audit opinion of the listed companies is subject to the net asset yield.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：F239.2

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