线索类型和风险水平对决策倾向及决策评价的作用机制

发布时间：2018-08-29 07:27

【摘要】：传统的风险决策研究范式往往考察被试对二择一选项的（事件1和事件2）抉择过程。而事实上对可能的选项（事件1和事件2）无需必择其一，可以选择接受或者放弃两种决策倾向。前者属于择优决策，后者可称为“接受或放弃”式决策。择优决策与“接受或放弃”决策是不同性质的决策，因此它们之间的决策过程的神经机制可能存在不同。本文运用时间高分辨率ERP技术探索有无外在线索下人们在风险情境中的“接受或者放弃”式决策的脑神经机制。研究一：考察“接受或放弃”决策倾向的作用机制，研究二：考察“输或赢”决策评价的作用机制。本文章分别对研究一和研究二，同一实验过程的不同阶段分为四个小实验：实验1有线索提示下风险水平对决策倾向的作用机制；实验2无线索提示下风险水平对决策倾向的作用机制；实验3有线索提示下风险水平对决策评价的作用机制；实验4无线索提示下风险水平对决策评价的作用机制。实验目的考察有无线索提示下风险水平对决策过程中与决策倾向有关的N1、P1成分和决策评价有关的FRN、N1、P3成分下的平均波幅差异。结果显示，与决策倾向相关的成分N1、P1，是线索有效性的指标，同时与非空间注意指向有关。根据实验1和实验2中N1、P1波幅在有线索提示条件下风险水平对决策倾向作用间的主效应差异最显著，在无线索提示下不显著。其主要激活的脑区有额区、中央区、颞区、枕区部位。与决策评价有关的FRN、N1、P3成分波幅在无线索各条件下的主效应均显著，在有条件下不显著。说明FRN、N1、P3成分与内在的线索、概率、决策评价反馈、注意、记忆等因素有关。主要激活的脑区有额叶、中央区和顶区，，其决策评价间的冲突机制显著，与外在线索效应之间没有关系，说明FRN、N1、P3属于心理内源成分。
[Abstract]:The traditional research paradigm of risk decision often looks at the process of choosing between the two options (event 1 and event 2). In fact, for the possible options (event 1 and event 2), there is no need to choose between them. The former belongs to preferential decision, while the latter can be called "accept or abandon" decision. The optimal decision and the decision to accept or give up are different in nature, so the neural mechanism of the decision-making process may be different between them. In this paper, the time-high-resolution ERP technique is used to explore the brain neural mechanism of "accepting or abandoning" decision in the risk context with or without external clues. The first is to investigate the mechanism of acceptance or abandonment of decision-making tendency, and the other is to study the mechanism of decision evaluation of "lose or win". In this paper, we divide the different stages of the same experimental process into four small experiments: experiment 1 shows the mechanism of risk level acting on decision-making tendency; In experiment 2, the mechanism of risk level acting on decision making tendency without clues; in experiment 3, the action mechanism of risk level on decision evaluation; and in experiment 4, the action mechanism of risk level on decision evaluation without clue. Objective to investigate the difference of average amplitude between risk level and FRN,N1,P3 component related to decision-making tendency and decision evaluation in the decision-making process under the cues or not. The results showed that the component N _ (1) N _ (1) P _ (1), which was related to the decision-making tendency, was an indicator of cue-effectiveness and related to the non-spatial attention direction. According to experiment 1 and experiment 2, the main effects of risk level on decision-making tendency were most significant under the condition of cues, but not significant without cues. The main active brain regions are frontal, central, temporal and occipital regions. The amplitudes of FRN,N1,P3 components related to decision evaluation are significant under all conditions without clues, but not significant under conditions. It shows that the FRN,N1,P3 component is related to internal clues, probability, decision evaluation feedback, attention, memory and so on. The main activated brain regions were frontal lobe, central region and parietal region. The conflict mechanism between decision and evaluation was significant, and there was no relationship between the effect of external cues, indicating that FRN,N1,P3 belongs to the psychological endogenous component.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：C934

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