迫选规则体验法:检验规范性和描述性风险决策理论的新尝试

发布时间：2018-10-09 13:19

【摘要】：为寻求检验规范性和描述性风险决策理论的通用标准,本研究以期望价值理论和齐当别抉择模型为例,探讨了"迫选规则体验法"的适用性。被试为120名大学生,实验任务为要求被试分别完成自主决策(采用未知规则:真规则)和规则迫选决策(遵循给定规则:假规则)任务,并对决策后的情感和认可程度进行评定。研究发现:(1)被试在自主决策条件下比在规则迫选条件下体验到的正性情感程度更强,负性情感的程度更弱;(2)被试在自主决策与规则迫选决策两种条件下做出的相同决策越多,该被试对迫选规则更加认可并体验到的正性情感程度越强,负性情感的程度越弱;(3)与期望价值理论相比,齐当别抉择模型可能符合更多决策者的实际决策规则。这些结果表明,作为检验规范性和描述性风险决策理论的新尝试,迫选规则体验法可能更有助于回答"决策者实际采用的决策规则是什么"的问题。
[Abstract]:In order to test the general criteria of normative and descriptive risk decision theory, this study discusses the applicability of the "forced choice rule experience method" by taking the expected value theory and Qidang decision model as examples. The subjects were 120 college students. The subjects were asked to complete the task of independent decision (using unknown rule: true rule) and rule forcing decision (following the given rule: false rule), respectively. The emotion and the degree of approval after the decision were evaluated. The results showed that: (1) the subjects had stronger positive emotion and weaker negative emotion than those who were forced to choose under the condition of autonomous decision making, and (2) the subjects made the same decision under the two conditions of autonomous decision making and rule forced decision making. The stronger the positive emotion degree, the weaker the negative emotion degree. (3) compared with the expected value theory, the one-to-one decision model may accord with the actual decision rules of more decision makers. These results indicate that, as a new attempt to test the normative and descriptive risk decision theory, the experience method of forced rule selection may be more helpful to answer the question of "what decision rules decision makers actually adopt".
【作者单位】：中国科学院心理研究所社会与经济行为研究中心;中国科学院研究生院;
【基金】：中国科学院“百人计划” 中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-YW-R-130) 国家自然科学基金委员会(NSFC:70871110,70701036) 2007年度中国科学院研究生科学与社会实践资助专项创新研究类项目北京市教育委员会共建项目专项资助
【分类号】：C934

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