当代西方领导决策优化型参与工具析论

发布时间：2019-05-22 09:10

【摘要】：关键公众接触法、由公民发起的接触、公民调查是当代西方三种具有代表性的领导决策优化型参与工具。关键公众接触法的应用需要把握时机和注意代表性。该工具既具备便于获得高质量信息、简单易操作、不需分享决策影响权、利于推进公民参与有序化等优势,又存在代表性不足、难以判定关键公众代表谁、关键公众未必是信息的有效来源、为腐败提供温床等局限。由公民发起的接触通常应用于试图了解公民看法之时,并要求领导者高度重视公民表达的任何诉求。该工具既存在能广泛、容易、低廉地获得公民诉求方面的信息等优势,又存在只反映部分公民的诉求和可能被人为扭曲等局限。公民调查往往应用于领导者清楚界定了决策行动方案或利益相关公民成分复杂之际,并需要注意提升被调查者的积极性、控制调查时间和寻求外部力量的支持。该工具既具有结果的代表性较强和所获信息较为全面、准确和有用等优势,又存在被调查者回答的不稳定性、问题强度的难体认性及成本的高昂性等局限。
[Abstract]:The key public contact method, the contact initiated by citizens, and the citizen survey are three representative tools for the optimization of leadership decision-making in the contemporary West. The application of key public contact method needs to grasp the opportunity and pay attention to representativeness. The tool not only has the advantages of easy access to high-quality information, simple and easy to operate, does not need to share the right to share the impact of decision-making, and is conducive to promoting the orderly participation of citizens, but also has insufficient representation, and it is difficult to determine who the key public represents. The key public is not necessarily an effective source of information, providing hotbeds for corruption and other limitations. Contacts initiated by citizens are usually used when trying to understand the views of citizens and require leaders to attach great importance to any demands expressed by citizens. The tool not only has the advantages of obtaining information about citizens' demands widely, easily and cheaply, but also has the limitation of reflecting only the demands of some citizens and may be artificially distorted. Citizen surveys are often used when leaders clearly define decision-making action plans or complex citizen components related to interests, and need to pay attention to increasing the enthusiasm of respondents, controlling the time of investigation and seeking the support of external forces. The tool not only has the advantages of strong representativeness of the results and the comprehensive, accurate and useful information obtained, but also has the limitations of the instability of the respondents, the difficulty of recognizing the intensity of the questions and the high cost of the respondents.
【作者单位】：苏州大学政治与公共管理学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目“大时空视阈中的中国政治发展道路特色问题研究”(项目编号:14AZZ001) 江苏省社会科学基金重点项目“中国特色社会主义政治发展道路研究”(项目编号:13ZZA001) 江苏省新型城镇化与社会治理协同创新中心和江苏省高校优势学科建设工程政治学项目的阶段性成果
【分类号】：C934

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