浓缩沼液的配方有机液肥开发研究

发布时间：2018-01-02 12:41

本文关键词：浓缩沼液的配方有机液肥开发研究　出处：《浙江大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着畜牧养殖业的发展,沼气工程发展迅速,所产生的沼液污染也日益加剧。沼液虽含有丰富的营养元素、氨基酸、腐植酸、生长素、水解酶、维生素等生物活性物质,其处理大多只停留在直接农田消纳模式。由于沼液的连续排放和季节性用肥需求的矛盾很难解决,物流运送成本高,沼液仍然是面源污染重点要解决的问题。同时沼液缺乏相应的肥料标准,难以商品化,所以亟待研发沼液高值化利用模式。本文结合沼液富含养分的特性,将其进行浓缩分离并开发为液体配方氨基酸型和腐植酸型的有机肥,并对其进行小白菜和油麦菜的肥效试验,获得以下结果：(1)对猪粪沼液进行1-10倍反渗透膜浓缩试验,发现沼液原液富含氮磷钾、微量元素、有机质、氨基酸及腐植酸等成分,并且随着浓缩倍数的增加,沼液浓缩液的氨氮、全氮、全磷、全钾、有机质、氨基酸、腐植酸及部分微量元素的含量呈增加趋势,沼液的电导率也不断增加,而pH维持8.0左右。(2)利用沼液十倍浓缩液开发成的浓缩沼液配方肥,其各项指标含量均符合农业部NY1106-2010、NY1429-2010标准。其中含氨基酸型配方肥的游离氨基酸含量达121.6g/L,含腐殖酸型配方肥的腐殖酸含量达38.52 g/L。(3)选用以清水为溶剂开发的清水氨基酸配方肥和腐植酸配方肥,以及奥捷“苗欢”氨基酸水溶肥、“沃土”腐植酸水溶肥作为对比肥料,开展肥效试验。在试验中发现,相比于清水配方肥及“奥捷”水溶肥,施用浓缩沼液配方肥能显著提高小白菜和油麦菜的产量及还原型Vc、可溶性糖等养分含量,抑制硝酸盐积累,并且在一定程度上提高土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶活性,提高土壤肥力。随着施肥次数增加,酶活性呈增加趋势。冲施肥叶面肥配合施用模式效果最好。随着沼液配方肥施肥量增加,小白菜及油麦菜的产量和养分含量基本呈现先增加后减少的趋势。施用稀释250倍的沼液配方肥对小白菜生长最为有利,施用稀释100倍的沼液配方肥对于油麦菜生长及养分积累最有利。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of animal husbandry, biogas engineering is developing rapidly, and the pollution of biogas liquid is becoming more and more serious. Although biogas contains rich nutrients, amino acids, humic acid, auxin, hydrolase. The treatment of bioactive substances such as vitamins is mostly confined to the mode of direct farmland absorption. Because the contradiction between the continuous discharge of biogas liquid and seasonal fertilizer demand is difficult to solve, the logistics transportation cost is high. Biogas liquid is still the key problem to be solved by non-point source pollution. At the same time, it is difficult to commercialize the biogas liquid due to the lack of corresponding fertilizer standard, so it is urgent to develop a high value utilization mode of biogas liquid. This paper combines the characteristics of rich nutrients of biogas liquid. It was concentrated and separated and developed into organic fertilizer of liquid amino acid and humic acid, and the fertilizer efficiency of pakchoi and greasy vegetable was tested. The results showed that the biogas liquor was rich in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, trace elements, organic matter, amino acid and humic acid. With the increase of concentration ratio, the contents of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, organic matter, amino acid, humic acid and some trace elements in the concentrated biogas liquor showed an increasing trend, and the electrical conductivity of the biogas liquid also increased. However, pH maintained around 8.0) the formula fertilizer of concentrated biogas liquid was developed by 10 times of concentrated biogas liquid, and the content of each index was in accordance with NY1106-2010 of the Ministry of Agriculture. NY1429-2010 standard. The free amino acid content of the formula fertilizer containing amino acid was 121.6 g / L. The humic acid content of humic acid type fertilizer was 38.52 g / L 路L ~ (-3)) the formula fertilizer of amino acid and humic acid was developed with clear water as solvent, and the "Miaohuan" amino acid was dissolved in water. The "fertile soil" humic acid water-soluble fertilizer was used as a contrast fertilizer to carry out the fertilizer effect test. In the experiment, it was found that compared with the water formula fertilizer and the "Aojie" water-soluble fertilizer. The application of concentrated biogas liquid fertilizer could significantly increase the yield of pakchoi and oat vegetables and the contents of nutrients such as reduced VC soluble sugar and so on inhibit nitrate accumulation and improve soil catalase to a certain extent. Urease activity increased soil fertility. With the increase of fertilization times, enzyme activity showed an increasing trend. The yield and nutrient content of pakchoi and greasy vegetable showed the trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The growth of pakchoi was most favorable to the growth of pakchoi by using 250 times diluted biogas liquid fertilizer. The application of 100 times diluted biogas liquid formula fertilizer is the most favorable for the growth and nutrient accumulation of oatmeal.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：S141

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