考虑交通管制的城市配送路径优化问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 03:36

本文关键词：考虑交通管制的城市配送路径优化问题研究　出处：《大连海事大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市配送在我们的生活中发挥着重要作用。一方面,城市配送加快了当地的商品流通,带动了城市的经济发展、提高了人们生活的便利性。但另一方面,城市配送也带来了诸多负面影响,如交通拥堵、能源消耗和环境污染等。因此,一、二线城市相继出台交通管制措施以限制货运车辆的行驶路段和时段,导致配送企业的作业难度明显增加。本文的研究目的是从实际情况出发,建立考虑了货运车辆交通管制的配送优化模型,开发出实用算法,在交通管制现实情景下制定车辆行驶路径方案,为配送企业提供决策调度支持。文章首先对城市配送进行相关分析,在解释了物流与配送的概念与关系后,介绍城市配送的概念、特征及发展现状,接着分析交通管制对城市配送的影响,包括环境影响、经济影响与社会影响。配送问题的核心是车辆调度优化,即VRP问题。在构建模型前,文章介绍了一般车辆调度优化问题,包括概念、分类及组成要素,为描述考虑了货运车辆交通管制的城市配送优化问题奠定理论基础。本文的模型是以软时间窗递推矩阵为基础,目标要素包括车辆使用数最小、行驶距离最短、碳成本最低、惩罚时间成本最小,交通管制条件以禁行路段约束与管制时段限行约束体现,其他约束条件为载重量约束、时间窗约束等。结合模型特点,本文开发了考虑货运车辆交通管制的配送优化问题的实用算法。一般车辆调度优化问题求解算法包括精确算法与启发式算法,本文以遗传算法为基础,在阐述了其概念、特点及工作流程后,重点介绍运用于本文的混合遗传算法,创造性地采用“链编码”法,在初始种群生成方式上加入启发式规则,计算适应度函数,进行选择、交叉与变异操作。最后进行数值试验与分析,以Solomon标准数据为基础,对比分析不同管制情景下单一算例、算例组的配送优化结果,验证本文模型与算法的有效性与实用性。
[Abstract]:Urban distribution plays an important role in our life. On the one hand, urban distribution speeds up the circulation of local commodities, promotes the economic development of the city, and improves the convenience of people's life. Urban distribution also brings a lot of negative impacts, such as traffic congestion, energy consumption and environmental pollution. Therefore, the first and second tier cities have introduced traffic control measures to limit the section and time of freight vehicles. The purpose of this paper is to set up a distribution optimization model considering the traffic control of freight vehicles and develop a practical algorithm from the point of view of the actual situation. Under the situation of traffic control, the vehicle routing scheme is formulated to provide decision and scheduling support for distribution enterprises. Firstly, this paper analyzes the urban distribution, and then explains the concept and relationship between logistics and distribution. This paper introduces the concept, characteristics and development status of urban distribution, and then analyzes the impact of traffic control on urban distribution, including environmental impact, economic impact and social impact. The core of distribution problem is vehicle scheduling optimization. Before constructing the model, this paper introduces the general vehicle scheduling optimization problem, including the concept, classification and components. The model of this paper is based on the soft time window recursive matrix. The target elements include the minimum vehicle usage and the shortest driving distance. The carbon cost is the lowest, the penalty time cost is the least, the traffic control condition is reflected by the no-traffic section constraint and the control period limit constraint, the other constraints are deadweight constraint, time window constraint and so on, combined with the characteristics of the model. This paper develops a practical algorithm to solve the distribution optimization problem considering the traffic control of freight vehicles. The general vehicle scheduling optimization algorithm includes exact algorithm and heuristic algorithm. This paper is based on genetic algorithm. After explaining its concept, characteristics and workflow, this paper mainly introduces the hybrid genetic algorithm used in this paper, creatively adopts "chain coding" method, and adds heuristic rules to the initial population generation mode. The fitness function is calculated, the selection, crossover and variation operations are carried out. Finally, numerical experiments and analysis are carried out. Based on the Solomon standard data, a single example is compared and analyzed under different control scenarios. The distribution optimization results of the example group verify the validity and practicability of the model and algorithm.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U492.22

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