需求不确定环境下制造企业与零售商的供应链契约研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 22:05

本文关键词：需求不确定环境下制造企业与零售商的供应链契约研究　出处：《中国海洋大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在当今时代,科技的进步和经济的发展使企业拥有了更多机遇的同时,也感受到了前所未有的竞争压力,快节奏的市场变化和多样化的用户需求都使得企业需要对市场迅速做出响应。在这个过程中,人们日渐认识到供应链管理的重要性,只依靠单个企业的力量难以在竞争环境中生存,越来越多的企业把目光放在了供应链上,企业之间的竞争已经演变成了供应链之间的竞争,良好的供应链管理可以通过整合和优化物流、信息流、资金流等方式使信息被供应链上的成员企业共享,供应链管理强调的是合作而非竞争。但是供应链在运作的过程中会遇到一些问题,一方面,供应链上的成员企业是不同的经济实体,都想要追求自身利益的最大化,往往会与供应链系统的整体目标产生冲突；另一方面,供应链本身是一个复杂的网络结构,而且具有动态性。所以供应链协调问题成为了研究的重点,人们希望在供应链运作的过程中,通过有效的协调机制来为供应链创造竞争优势。在各种协调机制中,供应链契约协调机制是一种能够有效协调供应链的方法,契约对每位成员企业的行为做出规定,对从订货到交货这个流程中的每一个环节都进行严格的管理,约束成员的行为,保证供应链在良好有效运作的同时,能够提升竞争优势,创造更多的收益。本文正是基于这种背景,运用斯坦克尔伯格博弈理论等方法对制造企业和零售商的利润共享契约进行了研究。首先,在需求不确定的环境下,构建了一个由单一制造商和单一零售商组成的二级供应链,制造商是主导企业,零售商占从属地位,先研究普通契约下的各方收益等情况,然后引入利润分配系数,研究在利润共享契约下的各方收益等情况,同时进行数值模拟,进而将两种情况进行对比,得出在此情况下,合理的利润共享契约设计可以提高各方收益、增强供应链协调性的结论。随即为了更贴近实际情况,把单一零售商扩展到多零售商的情况,研究普通契约和利润共享契约两种情况下的各方收益等情况,进行数值模拟,将两种契约的情况进行比较分析,得出在多零售商的情况下,合理的利润共享契约设计同样可以有效增加各方收益、协调供应链的结论。最后,描述了利润共享契约如何在实际的企业中应用。本文的创新之处有两点,一是设计了需求不确定环境下的利润共享契约模型,研究契约实施后产品订购量、销售价格以及供应链系统和各成员企业的收益等情况,二是构建了以制造商为主导企业的供应链结构,把与制造企业合作的零售商数量从单个扩展到多个,引入“零售商数量”这个变量,研究零售商数量的变化对供应链及成员企业收益等情况的影响。
[Abstract]:In today's era, the progress of science and technology and economic development make enterprises have more opportunities, but also feel the unprecedented competitive pressure. Rapid market changes and diverse user needs make enterprises need to respond to the market quickly. In this process, people increasingly realize the importance of supply chain management. Relying on the strength of a single enterprise, it is difficult to survive in the competitive environment. More and more enterprises focus on the supply chain, the competition between enterprises has evolved into the competition between the supply chain. Good supply chain management can integrate and optimize logistics, information flow, capital flow and other ways to enable information to be shared by member enterprises in the supply chain. Supply chain management emphasizes cooperation rather than competition, but the supply chain will encounter some problems in the process of operation. On the one hand, the member enterprises in the supply chain are different economic entities. All want to pursue the maximization of their own interests, often conflict with the overall goal of the supply chain system; On the other hand, supply chain itself is a complex network structure and dynamic, so supply chain coordination has become the focus of research, people hope in the process of supply chain operation. Through effective coordination mechanism to create a competitive advantage for the supply chain. Among all kinds of coordination mechanisms, supply chain contract coordination mechanism is a method to effectively coordinate the supply chain. The contract provides for the behavior of each member enterprise, and strictly manages every link in the process from ordering to delivery, constraining the behavior of the member, and ensuring the supply chain to operate well and effectively at the same time. Based on this background, this paper studies the profit sharing contract between manufacturing enterprises and retailers by using the method of Steinkerberg game theory. In the environment of uncertain demand, a two-level supply chain consisting of a single manufacturer and a single retailer is constructed. The manufacturer is the leading enterprise and the retailer plays a subordinate role. This paper first studies the situation of the parties' income under the ordinary contract, then introduces the profit distribution coefficient, studies the situation of the parties' income under the profit-sharing contract, and carries on the numerical simulation at the same time, and then compares the two kinds of situations. In this case, reasonable profit sharing contract design can improve the income of all parties, enhance the coordination of the supply chain. Then in order to be closer to the actual situation, the single retailer will be extended to the situation of multiple retailers. Study the general contract and profit sharing contract under the two circumstances of the income of the parties and other situations, numerical simulation, the two contracts are compared and analyzed, the case in the case of multiple retailers. Reasonable design of profit-sharing contract can also effectively increase the benefit of all parties and coordinate the conclusion of supply chain. Finally, it describes how the profit-sharing contract is applied in practical enterprises. There are two innovations in this paper. The first is to design a profit-sharing contract model under uncertain demand environment, and to study the quantity of products ordered, the sales price and the income of the supply chain system and each member enterprise after the implementation of the contract. The second is to construct the supply chain structure with manufacturer as the leading enterprise, expand the number of retailers cooperating with manufacturing enterprise from single to multiple, and introduce the variable of "the number of retailers". To study the influence of retailer number on supply chain and profit of member enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F274

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