应急医疗物资直升机与车辆联合运送优化

发布时间：2018-01-20 02:37

本文关键词： 大规模灾害医疗物资分配决策偏好联运路线优化干扰管理　出处：《大连理工大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：大规模灾害发生后,稀缺医疗物资的合理分配与及时运送具有重要作用,直接影响到灾区生命救援效率与效果。不同应急情境需要相适应的分配与运送优化方法。本文主要针对以下应急响应情境：由于供应节点与需求节点距离太远或关键道路损毁等导致难以仅通过陆运及时运送集散中心物资到各个医疗救助点,应急决策者在对医疗物资进行合理分配后,采用在集散中心的直升机运送医疗物资到应急中转点,之后采用在中转点的车辆运送物资到其覆盖的医疗救助点。针对这一应急情境下的医疗物资分配与联合运送路线优化问题,本文主要做了以下三方面的贡献：首先,对大规模灾害中灾情信息完全下和灾情信息不完全下的应急医疗物资分配方法进行了研究。在应急响应阶段,由于物资需求激增,并且很难在紧迫的时间内准备出足够的物资,因此,往往对现有的应急物资进行比例分配。同时由于应急响应的复杂性和不确定性,应急决策者需要考虑多种决策因素,而这些因素的信息往往不都是精确的。因此,针对应急医疗物资的稀缺性、历史数据的缺失性、影响因素的异构性等,本文基于情境相对近似度,提出了灾情信息完全下的应急医疗物资分配方法,能够在决策信息为精确值时为每个医疗救助点分配与其情境相符的医疗物资量；同时针对应急决策信息的不完全性,考虑决策者对不完全信息的偏好,分别研究了带区间灾情信息和带模糊灾情信息的应急医疗物资分配方法,能够在情境因素信息为区间和模糊取值时,为大规模灾害中的医疗救助点分配与其情境相匹配的医疗物资比例。通过随机数值实验,与现有相关方法比较,验证了本文提出方法的有效性和优势性。其次,针对联合运送路线优化问题,分别研究了效率导向的应急医疗物资联合运送模型与算法和考虑均衡的应急医疗物资联合运送模型与算法。提出基于模糊C-均值(Fuzzy C-means, FCM)的应急中转点选择和医疗救助点划分方法,建立基于聚类的应急医疗物资联合运送路线优化模型,能够生成从大型集散中心到应急中转点再到医疗救助点的联合运送网络和具体运送路线,构建了总车辆剩余容量、平均等待时间和最长等待时间三个绩效指标,用于衡量应急医疗物资联合运送的效率与效用；进一步针对常规FCM划分中的车辆剩余容量不均衡性,提出一种考虑容量约束的FCMwCC方法,使每个划分中的车辆容量尽量保持均衡,以提高车辆使用效率,并针对常规FCM划分中的医疗救助点个数不均衡性,提出一种考虑数量约束的FCMwNC方法,使得每个划分中的医疗救助点数量尽量保持均衡,以缩短联合运送的平均等待时间和最长等待时间。第三,针对联合运送计划实施过程中出现的中转点变化干扰事件,研究了带中转点变化的应急医疗物资联合运送干扰恢复模型与算法。由于原生次生灾害的发展与发生,可能导致已有应急中转点不能再使用,或者由于救援工作的开展,产生新的中转点,这就会导致事先已经制定的联合运送方案不能按照原计划进行。本文从物资到达时间、联合运送路线和使用运力三方面进行扰动度量,建立一个中转点变化的应急医疗物资联合运送干扰恢复模型,并通过改进基于客户的编码方法和提出基于简化策略的种群初始化方法等,设计了模型求解的混合遗传算法。数值实验验证了模型与算法的有效性,通过与重优化方法对比,检验了干扰管理方法在处理中转点变化干扰事件中的优势,并为物流配送干扰管理领域提出一个新的研究方向—联合运送干扰管理。本文研究具有一定理论与实践意义。提出的基于情境的应急医疗物资分配方法,能够在灾情信息完全和灾情信息不完全下对应急医疗物资进行分配,为突发事件应急资源分配问题提供一种新的方法；建立的“直升机+车辆”应急医疗物资联合运送模型和算法及其干扰管理方法,能够促进应急物流优化和干扰管理理论与方法的进一步发展。
[Abstract]:Large scale disasters, reasonable allocation of scarce medical supplies and timely delivery plays an important role, directly affects the efficiency and effectiveness of disaster rescue life. Different emergency situations require appropriate distribution and transportation optimization method. This paper focuses on the following situation: emergency response due to supply and demand node node distance or key road damage caused it is difficult to timely delivery of goods to the distribution center for medical assistance only by land, the decision makers in the rational allocation of medical supplies, used in the center of the helicopter carrying medical supplies to the emergency transit point, after the point in transit vehicles transporting goods to the coverage of medical assistance for the distribution of medical supplies. Emergency situations and transportation route optimization problem, this paper mainly do the following three contributions:
First of all, the disaster information completely in large-scale disasters and disaster under incomplete information emergency medical supplies distribution method was studied. The emergency response phase, due to the material demand, and it is very difficult in the short time to prepare enough materials, therefore, often the proportional allocation of emergency supplies. At the same time as the existing the complexity and uncertainty of emergency response, emergency decision makers need to consider multiple decision factors, and these factors are often not accurate information. Therefore, in view of the scarcity of emergency medical supplies, the lack of historical data, the influence factors of heterogeneity, the relative degree of approximation based on the situation, put forward emergency medical supplies allocation method of disaster information completely, in decision information for accurate values for each medical assistance line distribution and its situation of medical supplies; with the corresponding clockwise Incomplete emergency decision information, considering the preference of incomplete information, the emergency medical supplies distribution method with interval disaster information and fuzzy disaster information are studied, and in the interval value fuzzy to situational factors for large-scale disaster information, medical assistance and distribution to match the medical situation the proportion of materials. Through random numerical experiments, compared with the existing methods, verify the validity and superiority of the method proposed in this paper.
Secondly, according to the joint transportation route optimization problem, emergency medical supplies efficiency oriented research respectively combined transport model and algorithm and considering the emergency medical supplies balanced joint delivery model and algorithm is proposed. Based on fuzzy C- means (Fuzzy C-means, FCM) emergency transit point selection and medical assistance division method, the establishment of emergency medical supplies clustering based on the combined transportation route optimization model can be generated to emergency transfer from large distribution center to transport network medical assistance and specific delivery routes, a total vehicle residual capacity, the average waiting time and the longest waiting time of the three performance indicators for the efficiency and effectiveness of the measure of emergency medical supplies combined transport; according to the residual capacity of conventional vehicles in FCM division of imbalance, we propose a FCMwCC method considering the capacity constraint, so that each division Try to keep a balance between the capacity of the vehicle, in order to improve the efficiency of vehicles, and conventional FCM in the division of medical assistance number is not balanced, this paper puts forward a FCMwNC method considering the constraint of the number, number of each division of medical assistance to try to keep a balance, the average waiting time is shortened and the combined transport long waiting time.
Third, according to combined transport plan in the process of implementation of the transit point change of interference events, emergency medical supplies with a transit point change in combined transport disturbance recovery model and algorithm. Due to the development of the primary and secondary disasters occur, may lead to the emergency transfer point can not be used again, or as a result of the rescue work, produce new transit point, it will cause the joint transportation plan has been set in advance cannot be carried out in accordance with the original plan. This paper from the material arrival time, three combined delivery routes and use capacity disturbance measure, the establishment of a transit point of emergency medical supplies combined transport disruption restoration model, and by improving the encoding method and proposed based on customer simplified strategy population initialization method, a hybrid genetic algorithm to solve the model. Numerical experiments validate the model and algorithm The effectiveness of the method is verified by comparing with the re optimization method, and the advantage of the interference management method in dealing with the change events of the transition point is verified, and a new research direction for the field of logistics delivery disruption management -- joint transport interference management is put forward.
Has a certain theoretical and practical significance of this study. Emergency medical supplies distribution method is proposed based on the situation, in the disaster and disaster information completely under incomplete information to the allocation of emergency medical supplies, provide a new method for the emergency resource allocation problem; the establishment of the "helicopter + vehicle" combined with emergency medical supplies transport model and algorithm and interference management method, can promote the further development of the theory and method of emergency logistics optimization and interference management.

【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U116;X4

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