考虑非期望产出的我国沿海港口效率评价与分析

发布时间：2018-03-06 20:34

本文选题：一般化的方向距离函数(GDDF)　切入点：数据包络分析(DEA)排放量估算　出处：《中国科学技术大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在经济与全球贸易一体化的今天,港口作为国际物流的一个特殊节点,对国际贸易及交通物流业的发展具有重大意义。我国港口发展迅速,全球十大港口有七个在中国,世界前二十大港口中,中国占了十席。而我国港口环境污染尤其是船舶废气污染严重危害周边居民的健康与影响全球气候的变化。在全球能源危机和环境恶化的新形势下,建设绿色港口已成为国际港口界共同追求的发展目标。近年来,国外先进港口都将绿色港口理念融入其发展过程中,并且取得了巨大的成就。我国也越来越重视港口绿色化、生态化建设,制定了《绿色港口等级评价标准》,在《关于推进港口转型升级的指导意见》中提出了建立绿色安全港口服务体系的要求,而且国家的“十一五规划”与“十二五规划”中指出要建立资源节约型、环境友好型社会,并进一步提出了节能减排要求。港口的效率评价尤其是包含非期望环境产出的综合效率评价具有必要性与紧迫性。在港口经济发展越发重要,绿色港口建设已成趋势,而很少文献涉及港口环境效率评价。基于此,本文将港口的非期望环境产出考虑在内,基于GDDF模型与对分属于五大港口群的21个沿海港口2008-2012年的技术效率及综合(环境)效率进行了研究。基于程序运行数据,依次对五大港口群技术效率与综合效率值及其变化趋势、21个沿海港口的技术效率与综合效率值及其变化趋势及单个沿海港口综合效率平均值进行了具体分析。之后,作出了投入产出的冗余分析,并将技术效率与综合效率趋势进行对比分析。经过研究分析可以得出(1)五大港口群区域效率差距显著,环渤海港口群、长三角地区港口群技术效率与综合效率值都较高,西南沿海港口群、东南沿海地区港口群与珠江三角洲地区港口群效率表现较差,整体呈现“北强南弱”局面。(2)沿海港口整体效率分析中,2008-2012年五年间,21个港口的技术效率大致呈上升走势,其中,日照港五年增长率最高为279.28%,秦皇岛港五年增长率最低为-5.67%；2008-2012年,21个沿海港口综合效率大体呈走低趋势,其中,天津港五年增长率最高为18.56%,而青岛港的五年增长率最低为-62.55%。(3)技术效率与综合效率排名差距很大,综合效率值较高,且其数据方差小,数据分布集中,更适合用于港口整体表现水平的评价。(4)单个港口综合效率5年平均值,大致分为四个梯队,21个港口效率差距很大,普遍存在投入过多,资源浪费的现象。(5)港口冗余分析得出,环渤海港口群与长三角地区港口群需要减少的投入比例较小,而其他三个港口群需减少的投入比例较大,比如珠海港,为了达到综合效率有效前沿面,分别需要减少0.76%的生产用码头长度和76.49%的生产用泊位个数。
[Abstract]:With the integration of economy and global trade, ports, as a special node of international logistics, are of great significance to the development of international trade and transportation logistics. Among the top 20 ports in the world, China occupies ten places. The pollution of port environment, especially the pollution of ship exhaust, seriously endangers the health of the surrounding residents and affects the global climate change. Under the new situation of global energy crisis and environmental deterioration, the construction of green port has become the common goal of the international port community. In recent years, advanced foreign ports have integrated the concept of green port into their development process. And has made great achievements. Our country has also paid more and more attention to the green and ecological construction of ports. The evaluation standard of green port grade was formulated, and the requirements of establishing a green and secure port service system were put forward in the guiding opinion on promoting port transformation and upgrading. Moreover, in the 11th Five-Year Plan and the 12th Five-Year Plan of the country, it is pointed out that a resource-saving and environment-friendly society should be established. Furthermore, the requirements of energy saving and emission reduction are put forward. It is necessary and urgent to evaluate the efficiency of the port, especially the comprehensive efficiency evaluation which includes the non-expected environmental output. With the development of port economy becoming more and more important, the construction of green port has become a trend, and there are few literatures on the evaluation of port environmental efficiency. Based on this, this paper takes the unexpected environmental output of port into account. Based on the GDDF model, the technical efficiency and integrated (environmental) efficiency of 21 coastal ports belonging to five major port groups from 2008 to 2012 are studied. The technical efficiency and comprehensive efficiency of five major port groups and their changing trend are analyzed in turn, the technical efficiency and comprehensive efficiency of 21 coastal ports and the average value of comprehensive efficiency of a single coastal port are analyzed in detail. The redundancy analysis of input-output is made, and the trend of technical efficiency and comprehensive efficiency is compared and analyzed. Through the research and analysis, it can be concluded that the regional efficiency gap of the five major port groups is significant, and the port group around Bohai Sea, The technical efficiency and comprehensive efficiency of the port group in the Yangtze River Delta region are higher than those in the southwest coastal port group, the southeast coastal port group and the Pearl River Delta port group. The overall situation of "north strong south weak". (2) overall efficiency analysis of coastal ports in 2008-2012, the technical efficiency of 21 ports generally showed an upward trend, among which, The highest five-year growth rate of Rizhao Port is 279.28, and the lowest five-year growth rate of Qinhuangdao Port is -5.67 in 2008-2012. The overall efficiency of 21 coastal ports has generally shown a downward trend, among which, Tianjin Port has the highest five-year growth rate of 18.56, while Qingdao Port has the lowest five-year growth rate of -62.55. The ranking of technical efficiency and comprehensive efficiency is very large, the comprehensive efficiency value is high, and its data variance is small, and the data distribution is concentrated. It is more suitable for evaluating the overall performance level of the port. (4) the average comprehensive efficiency of a single port is divided into four echelons. The 21 ports have a large gap in efficiency, and there is a widespread phenomenon of excessive investment and waste of resources. The analysis of port redundancy shows that, The proportion of investment needed to be reduced by the port group around the Bohai Sea and the port group in the Yangtze River Delta region is relatively small, while that of the other three port groups, such as the Pearl Harbor, is relatively small, in order to achieve an effective frontier of comprehensive efficiency. Reduce the length of production wharf by 0.76% and the number of berths by 76.49%, respectively.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F552;U691

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