寿光市农村剩余劳动力转移状况调查研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 13:13

本文选题：寿光市　切入点：农村劳动力转移　出处：《山东农业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：寿光市是著名的“中国蔬菜之乡”。近年来,寿光市的经济发展迅速。较高的经济发展水平,为农村劳动力的转移提供了较为充足的动力。寿光市以蔬菜产业起家,所以,寿光市的农村劳动力转移情况也就注定有属于自己的“特色”。寿光市农村劳动力转移分为三个阶段。第一阶段是冬暖式蔬菜大棚普及初期。寿光市的农村劳动力在这一时期主要集中于蔬菜种植业。一方面,技术的不断升级,使蔬菜种植对人工的要求越来越少,产量越来越多,农民获得的收益也越来越多,由此出现了大量的剩余劳动力。另一方面,由于蔬菜深加工、蔬菜物流等产业的迅速发展,对劳动力的需求飞速增长。于是,农村劳动力向这些行业大量转移。第二阶段是产业多元化发展时期。在这一阶段,寿光市的造纸、建筑、化工、商贸零售、海洋化学、生物制药、新能源等产业相继迸发出了强劲的活力,农村劳动力的转移方向也由单一的蔬菜产业变为所有新兴的产业,个体创业的数量也大幅增加。第三阶段是工业反哺农业开始以后。在这一阶段,各项政策开始向农村倾斜,农业税被取消,农业生产有了多种补贴。农村劳动力的转移速度虽然有所减缓,但大的趋势未发生变化。2013年,寿光市农村劳动力转移就业14.6万人,这部分人的文化程度大都在中小学水平,但接受过高中以上教育的人员数量增长较快,农村转移劳动力的年龄主要在31—50岁之间。农村劳动力转移的方式大多以亲戚、朋友介绍为主,主动外出的情况较少。寿光市农村劳动力转移依旧面临着五大因素的制约:(1)随着各种优惠政策向农村倾斜,城市的诱惑力逐渐降低;(2)农村转移劳动力的文化程度和职业技能水平比较低,不懂技术成为了制约他们发展的“硬伤”;(3)农民工依旧得不到与城市人相同的待遇;(4)农民工的合法权益不能得到很好的保障;(5)社会上依旧存在城乡有别的观念。针对寿光农村劳动力转移的现状和面临的问题,作者通过实地走访、专家咨询等途径,展开了专题调研。通过研究寿光市的政策环境,调查农村劳动力在市区的工作情况、生活状况、技能情况和对未来的想法,进而对寿光市农村劳动力转移的发展历程、自身特点和存在的问题进行客观、深入地分析,并且寻找出产生现有问题的原因。通过分析提出了一系列有针对性的建议:(1)通过出台政策,逐步消除农民与市民的区别,让农民工成为真正的市民;(2)进一步加快寿光市的城镇化进程,提高对农村劳动力的吸纳能力;(3)加快产业的升级改造,使之更加有利于农村劳动力转移;(4)提高企业职工的最低工资标准,让农村转移劳动力留得住;(5)进一步完善社会保障制度,让务工的农村劳动力无后顾之忧。最后得出如下结论:(1)农村劳动力转移在寿光市的发展历史上是不可缺少的一个重要章节,也是实现“城乡一体均衡寿光”所必须直面的问题;(2)寿光市在农村劳动力的转移方面既具有一定的代表性,也具有自己的特点;(3)本文提出的建议对于情况相似的地区具有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Shouguang City, is the famous "China vegetable village". In recent years, Shouguang City's rapid economic development. The higher the level of economic development, provide more adequate power for the transfer of rural labor force. In Shouguang vegetable industry started, so also has its own "characteristics" doomed situation in Shouguang City the transfer of rural labor. Divided into three stages of rural labor transfer in Shouguang City. The first stage is the early popularity of winter vegetable greenhouse in Shouguang City. The rural labor force in this period mainly concentrated in planting vegetables. On the one hand, the continuous upgrading of technology, the requirement of artificial vegetable planting less yield more and more the farmer gains more and more, resulting in a large number of surplus labor. On the other hand, due to the rapid development of vegetables, vegetable processing, logistics and other industries, the demand for labor in the rapid growth. Yes, a large number of rural labor transfer to these industries. The second stage is the period of industrial diversification. At this stage, the paper, Shouguang City building, chemical industry, retail trade, marine chemistry, bio pharmaceuticals, new energy and other industries have a strong vitality, the direction of transfer of rural labor force is also a single vegetable industry for all the emerging industry, but also a substantial increase in the number of individual entrepreneurs. After the third stage of industry nurturing agriculture began. At this stage, the policy began to rural areas, the agricultural tax was canceled, there are a variety of agricultural production subsidies. Although the speed of rural labor migration has slowed, but the trend did not change.2013 years, rural labor employment 146 thousand Shouguang City, this part of the cultural level mostly in the level of primary and secondary schools, but received high school education above the number of staff growth, rural The transfer of labor age mainly between 31 and 50 years old. The rural labor transfer most of the way to relatives, friends, the initiative to go out less. The transfer of rural labor in Shouguang city still faces five factors: (1) with various preferential policies to the agricultural city village, the temptation to decrease gradually; (2) the culture degree of the transfer of rural labor force and occupation skill level is relatively low, do not understand technology restricts their development "flawed"; (3) migrant workers are still not the same and the city's treatment; (4) the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers can not be well protected; (5) the society still there are other ideas. In view of the present situation of urban and rural areas of rural labor transfer in Shouguang and problems, the author through field visits, expert consultation, launched a special investigation. Through the study of Shouguang City, policy environment, investigation of rural labor Living conditions in the urban areas of the dynamic working conditions, skills and Thoughts on the future development of rural labor transfer and Shouguang City, its characteristics and problems are objective, in-depth analysis, and find the reason produced existing problems. Through the analysis and put forward a series of targeted recommendations: (1) through the introduction of the policy, to gradually eliminate the difference between farmers and citizens, let migrant workers become real citizens; (2) to further accelerate the process of urbanization in Shouguang City, improve the rural labor absorptive capacity; (3) the upgrading speed of the industry, which is more conducive to the transfer of rural labor force; (4) improve the minimum wage of enterprise employees, allow the transfer of rural labor force stay; (5) to further improve the social security system for rural labor workers, no worries. The conclusions are as follows: (1) in the transfer of rural labor force The historical development of Shouguang City is an important section of indispensable, but also to achieve "must face balanced Shouguang" integration of urban and rural issues; (2) the transfer of rural labor in Shouguang City as representative, also has its own characteristics; (3) the proposal presented in this paper has certain reference significance the area is similar to the situation.

【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F323.6;F249.2

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