基于软件定义无线电的RFID防碰撞算法研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 19:06

本文选题：RFID　切入点：软件无线电　出处：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着近几年物联网技术的快速发展,射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)作为其核心支撑技术开始受到越来越多的关注。它是一种非接触式的自动识别技术,识别过程中不需要人工干预就可以完成特定目标的识别。相对于指纹识别、人脸识别、条形码等传统的识别技术具有识别速度快、使用便捷等优势,因此已被广泛应用于物流供应链、资产管理、商品防伪等多个领域。RFID技术快速发展的同时存在的问题也越来越多,其中标签碰撞问题是降低RFID识别效率最主要的原因,因此研究新的防碰撞算法对提高系统性能具有重要的意义。目前对RFID系统的研究工作主要集中在理论研究和仿真阶段,一些高端的RFID测试设备虽然能够测试标签性能,但是价格昂贵,商业RFID阅读器类似一个黑盒系统,提供给研究人员的配置有限,这使得对现有协议和防碰撞算法的研究变得困难。因此搭建一个价格低廉并且具有灵活性的平台来进行一些实验性的验证具有重要的实用价值。在本文中首先利用一个低成本的通用软件无线电外设(Universal Software Radio Peripheral,USRP)和开源的软件平台GNU Radio搭建了一个能与商业电子标签进行通信的EPC Class-1 Generation-2 UHF RFID阅读器,它能够识别的标签距离达3m,相对于市面上的商业阅读器,不仅价格低廉,而且具有高度的灵活性,用户能够根据协议标准和自己的需要对MAC层和PHY层进行任意的配置。通过搭建的软件定义无线电(Software Defined Radio,SDR)RFID平台采集了两个标签的碰撞信号并对其进行分析,根据其特有的幅度特征提出了一种新的分离两个标签碰撞信号的算法,使用该算法同传统的RFID系统识别模式在系统吞吐量和标签查询时间方面进行了仿真分析对比。最后为了验证该分离算法的实用性,我们利用搭建的SDR RFID阅读器平台实现了这种算法,通过一系列实验分析和对比,表明了所设计算法的可行性和有效性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of Internet of things technology in recent years, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), as its core supporting technology, has attracted more and more attention. It is a non-contact automatic identification technology. In the process of identification, it is possible to complete the identification of a specific target without human intervention. Compared with traditional recognition techniques such as fingerprint recognition, face recognition, bar code, etc., it has the advantages of fast recognition speed and convenient use. Therefore, it has been widely used in the logistics supply chain, asset management, commodity anti-counterfeiting and other fields. At the same time, the problem of tag collision is the main reason to reduce the efficiency of RFID identification. So it is very important to study the new anti-collision algorithm to improve the performance of the system. At present, the research work of RFID system is mainly focused on the theoretical research and simulation stage. Some high-end RFID testing equipment can test the tag performance. But expensive, commercial RFID readers resemble a black box system, with limited configuration available to researchers. This makes it difficult to study existing protocols and anti-collision algorithms. Therefore, it is of great practical value to build a low-cost and flexible platform for some experimental verification. Using a low-cost universal Software Radio peripheral USB (Universal Software Radio Peripheral USB) and GNU Radio, an open source software platform, a EPC Class-1 Generation-2 UHF RFID reader capable of communicating with commercial tags has been built. It is able to identify tags at a distance of up to 3 m, which is not only cheap but also highly flexible compared to commercial readers on the market. The user can configure the MAC layer and the PHY layer arbitrarily according to the protocol standard and their own needs. According to its unique amplitude characteristics, a new algorithm for separating two tag collision signals is proposed. This algorithm is compared with the traditional RFID system recognition pattern in system throughput and label query time. Finally, in order to verify the practicability of the separation algorithm, This algorithm is implemented on the platform of SDR RFID reader. Through a series of experiments and comparisons, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP391.44

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