基于分形理论的云南省红河县景观格局尺度效应研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 14:22

本文选题：分形理论　切入点：景观斑块　出处：《甘肃农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：运用分形理论,采用网格法作为基本尺度测度方法,选择云南红河县规普村作为研究区,选取表征景观组分形状特征参数分维数(D)作为主要指标,对研究区域不同尺度下的景观结构特征、斑块密度、景观组分数量、景观相对频率、平均分维数、稳定性指数进行了分析研究。从景观格局的角度(斑块-廊道-基质模式)初步探讨了研究区景观组分空间分布特征及尺度效应规律,为研究区景观组分管理,独特生态系统稳定性的保护和维持提供重要的科学依据,研究结果表明:(1)从景观组分结构特征来看,面积最大的景观组分为灌木林地(41.23%),在景观结构中起基质的作用,连通性最好,在景观功能上起着重要作用,影响着研究区能流、物流和物种流,是研究区高原型立体气候的反映,在整体上对景观动态起控制作用。在引入型的斑块中,水田面积最大(18.50%),体现了研究区的梯田景观特色。水田的斑块个数最多;河流水面为廊道。(2)研究区域观测尺度(粒度)分别从4000m、2000m、1333m、1000m、800m、667m递减变化,随研究区观测尺度(粒度)逐渐减小的过程中,斑块数量呈现出逐渐增加趋势。其中灌木林地、水田、旱地、其他草地、有林地等斑块类型对观测尺度变化的响应程度较明显;茶园、裸地、河流水面、农村居民点对尺度变化的响应不明显,曲线呈现出相对平稳的趋势。(3)除了基质(灌木林地)的相对频率不随尺度的变化而变化外,其余景观组分的相对频率均随尺度的变小而减小。基质灌木林地在现有的五种观测尺度下,相对频率均为100%,空间分布广泛,数量上也占优势,它对于水田、旱地起到积极地保护作用。(4)随研究区观测尺度(粒度)逐渐减小的过程中,平均分维数(D)呈现出逐渐递减趋势。各景观组分平均分维数(D)介于1.029-1.959;其中廊道(河流水面)形状最复杂,对尺度变化的响应较为明显,基质(灌木林地)和主要斑块对不同尺度变化的响应程度相似。随着尺度的减小,景观组分和景观结构均具有相似性增强,趋于简单的尺度效应。景观组分分维数受尺度影响呈中小度变异;景观斑块数量受尺度影响呈中度变异,斑块数量比景观组分分维数受尺度影响更显著。(5)随着观测尺度(粒度)逐渐递减,各景观斑块稳定性指数(SI)整体呈现出逐渐递增的趋势;农村居民点稳定性指数最大。
[Abstract]:Using fractal theory and mesh method as the basic scale measure method, the paper selects Gepu Village of Honghe County in Yunnan Province as the study area, and selects fractal dimension (D), which represents the characteristic parameter of landscape component shape, as the main index. The characteristics of landscape structure, patch density, landscape component number, landscape relative frequency, average fractal dimension of different scales in the study area were analyzed. From the view of landscape pattern (patch-corridor-matrix model), the spatial distribution characteristics and scale effect of landscape components in the study area were discussed. The conservation and maintenance of unique ecosystem stability provide an important scientific basis. The results show that the largest landscape component in terms of the structural characteristics of the landscape components is the shrubbery land (41.2335), which acts as a matrix in the landscape structure. Connectivity is the best, plays an important role in landscape function, affects energy flow, logistics and species flow in the study area, is the reflection of the plateau stereoscopic climate in the study area, and controls the landscape dynamics as a whole. The largest area of paddy field is 18.50, which reflects the terrace landscape characteristics of the study area. The number of patches in paddy field is the largest. The river surface is corridor. 2) the observational scale (grain size) of the study area is decreasing from 4 000 m ~ (2 000 m) to 1 333 m ~ (1 000 m) ~ (1 000 m) ~ (1 000 m) ~ (6 67 m), respectively. With the decreasing of observation scale (grain size) in the study area, the number of patches showed an increasing trend. The response of patch types such as shrub land, paddy field, dry land, other grassland and woodland to the change of observational scale was obvious. The response of tea garden, bare land, river surface and rural residential area to scale change is not obvious. The curve shows a relatively stable trend.) except the relative frequency of matrix (shrub land) does not change with the change of scale, The relative frequency of the other landscape components decreased with the decrease of the scale. The relative frequency of the matrix shrub was 100, which was widely distributed in space and dominant in quantity. Drylands play an active role in the conservation of drylands. 4) as the observational scale (granularity) of the study area decreases gradually, The average fractal dimension (D) of each landscape component is between 1.029-1.959. The corridor (river surface) is the most complex, and the response to the scale change is obvious. The response of the substrate (shrub land) and the main patches to the changes of different scales was similar. With the decrease of the scale, the landscape composition and landscape structure were similar. The fractal dimension of landscape components showed medium and small variation, while the number of patches showed moderate variation. The number of patches is more significant than the fractal dimension of landscape components affected by scale. 5) with the decreasing of observation scale (grain size), the patch stability index (SII) of each landscape gradually increases, and the stability index of rural residential areas is the largest.
【学位授予单位】：甘肃农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P901

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