珠江三角洲地区大口黑鲈池塘养殖系统的能值评估

发布时间：2018-04-22 17:39

本文选题：大口黑鲈 + 池塘养殖系统　；参考：《水产学报》2017年09期

【摘要】：为评价珠江三角洲地区大口黑鲈池塘养殖系统的生态经济性能,实验以能值理论为基础,定量分析该系统的能流和物流特点,通过建立能值评价指标体系,综合评估该系统的环境影响及可持续性。结果显示,大口黑鲈养殖系统投入的资源分为可更新资源(太阳能、风能、雨水能、地球循环能和河水能)和购买的外部资源(设施、苗种、电能、饵料、药品、劳动力、租金、维护费)两部分。养殖系统投入的总能值为4.51×10~(17)sej/(hm~2·a),其中可更新资源能值总和为1.24×10~(16) sej/(hm~2·a),占总投入能值的2.75%。河水能在可更新资源中所占比例最大,为9.77×10~(15) sej/(hm~2·a),占总投入能值的2.17%。购买的外部资源能值总和为4.38×10~(17) sej/(hm~2·a),占总投入能值的97.25%。饵料投入在购买的外部资源中所占比例最大,其能值为3.49×10~(17) sej/(hm~2·a),占总投入能值的77.33%,其次是劳动力,能值为2.29×10~(16) sej/(hm~2·a),占总投入能值的5.08%。大口黑鲈池塘养殖系统太阳能值转换率TR为2.18×106 sej/J,产出能值交换率EERY为2.028,能值产出率EYR为1.028,环境负载率ELR为35.39,能值持续性指数ESI为0.029,可持续性发展的能值指数EISD为0.059。大口黑鲈池塘养殖系统经济效益较高,但过多依赖购买的外部资源,对环境压力较大,可持续性较差。减少饵料投喂量、提高饵料利用率(如选择优质配合饲料及添加剂、改进投喂策略等)以及开展综合养殖是提高珠江三角洲地区大口黑鲈养殖系统持续性、减小环境负载率的有效途径。
[Abstract]:In order to evaluate the ecological and economic performance of the pond culture system of sea bass in the Pearl River Delta region, the energy flow and logistics characteristics of the system were quantitatively analyzed on the basis of the emergy theory, and the evaluation index system of the energy value was established. An integrated assessment of the environmental impact and sustainability of the system. The results show that the resources invested in the large mouth sea bass farming system are divided into renewable resources (solar energy, wind energy, Rain Water energy, earth circulation energy and river water energy) and purchased external resources (facilities, seed species, electricity, food, medicine, labor force, etc.). Rent, maintenance) two parts. The total energy value of the breeding system was 4.51 脳 10~(17)sej/(hm~2 / a, and the total energy value of renewable resources was 1.24 脳 10 ~ (-1) / (16) sej/(hm~2 / a, which accounted for 2.75% of the total input energy. The proportion of river water energy in renewable resources was 9.77 脳 10 ~ (10) ~ (15) sej/(hm~2 a ~ (-1), accounting for 2.17% of the total input energy. The total energy value of the purchased external resources is 4.38 脳 10 ~ (-1) / 17) sej/(hm~2 a, accounting for 97.25% of the total input energy value. Food input accounted for the largest proportion of the purchased external resources, its energy value was 3.49 脳 10 ~ (-1) sej/(hm~2 a ~ (17), which accounted for 77.33% of the total input energy value, followed by labor force, whose energy value was 2.29 脳 10 ~ (-1) sej/(hm~2 a ~ (-1), accounting for 5.08% of the total input energy value. The conversion rate of solar energy was 2.18 脳 106sej / J, the output emergy exchange rate (EERY) was 2.028, the emergy output rate (EYR) was 1.028, the environmental load rate (ELR) was 35.39, the emergy persistence index (ESI) was 0.029, and the sustainable development energy index (EISD) was 0.059. The pond culture system of large mouth sea bass has high economic benefit, but it relies on the purchased external resources too much, which has great pressure on the environment and is not sustainable. Reducing feed feeding rate, increasing feed utilization rate (such as selecting high quality feed and additives, improving feeding strategy, etc.) and developing integrated culture are to improve the sustainability of large mouth sea bass culture system in Pearl River Delta region. The effective way to reduce the environmental load rate.
【作者单位】：中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所;农业部热带亚热带水产资源利用与养殖重点实验室;广东省海洋工程职业技术学校;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD25B04) 广州市珠江科技新星专项(2014J2200088)~~
【分类号】：S965.211

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