纯电动汽车与燃油汽车动力系统生命周期评价与分析

发布时间：2018-05-30 06:47

本文选题：生命周期评价 + 动力系统　；参考：《湖南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：汽车产业是我国国民经济的支柱产业,随着汽车生产量和保有量的日益增加,汽车产品正在对包括资源、环境以及人类自身在内的整个生态系统造成越来越严重的影响,并对我国的可持续发展造成了极大的挑战。面临着如此严峻的问题,人们开始将目光转向新能源汽车,特别是电动汽车的发展上。诚然,电动汽车的使用不仅降低了对石油能源的消耗,同时减少了环境排放,但这只是针对汽车的使用阶段而言,而未从全生命周期的视角去定量分析其对资源和环境造成的总体影响,因此,电动汽车是否真正节能减排尚需进一步讨论。在此背景下,本文引入生命周期评价理论与方法,运用生命周期评价软件GaBi对某特定纯电动汽车和燃油汽车动力系统进行建模与分析,并采用相应的评价方法进行全生命周期评价计算,以期对电动汽车是否具有节能减排优势有更加全面准确的认知。本文对生命周期评价的起源及其在汽车领域的应用进行了综述,提出本文的研究思路,并较为详细地阐述了生命周期评价模型及评价工具。选取长丰猎豹飞腾SUV燃油车与基于该车型平台的纯电动汽车动力系统为研究对象,通过对其研究目标与范围、数据获取及假设、影响评价框架等的分析与界定,建立了汽车动力系统生命周期评价模型。通过实地调研、专家走访等形式进行了大量的数据搜集及清单分析,运用GaBi软件对两款动力系统从原材料获取、生产制造、运行使用直至最终报废回收共四个阶段进行了评价模型的构建与计算,并对物流运输及维修等其它阶段进行了分析。采用CML及CML修正模型等影响评价方法对计算结果进行特征化、归一化及量化处理,得到两款动力系统生命周期资源与环境影响评价数据,结果表明：除化石能源耗竭以外,电动汽车动力系统的全生命周期矿产资源耗竭及环境排放综合值均比内燃机汽车动力系统大。为了辨识造成环境影响的主要原因,进一步对影响纯电动汽车动力系统环境排放的主要指标(百公里耗电量、电池充电效率及生产制造能耗)进行敏感性分析,并对我国电能结构进行情景分析,在此基础上有针对性的提出降低其潜在资源与环境影响的措施建议。
[Abstract]:Automobile industry is the pillar industry of our national economy. With the increasing of automobile production and quantity, automobile products are causing more and more serious impact on the whole ecosystem, including resources, environment and mankind itself. And the sustainable development of our country has caused a great challenge. Faced with such a severe problem, people began to focus on the development of new energy vehicles, especially electric vehicles. To be sure, the use of electric vehicles not only reduces the consumption of petroleum energy, but also reduces environmental emissions, but it is only for the phase of their use. The overall impact on resources and environment is not quantitatively analyzed from the perspective of the whole life cycle. Therefore, whether electric vehicles are really energy-saving and emission-reducing needs further discussion. Under this background, this paper introduces the theory and method of life cycle evaluation, and makes use of the life cycle evaluation software GaBi to model and analyze the power system of a specific pure electric vehicle and fuel vehicle. The whole life cycle evaluation calculation is carried out by using the corresponding evaluation method in order to have a more comprehensive and accurate cognition on whether electric vehicle has the advantage of energy saving and emission reduction. In this paper, the origin of life cycle evaluation and its application in automobile field are summarized, the research ideas of this paper are put forward, and the life cycle evaluation model and evaluation tools are described in detail. The Changfeng cheetah Feiteng SUV fuel vehicle and the pure electric vehicle power system based on the vehicle platform are selected as the research object. The analysis and definition of its research goal and scope, data acquisition and hypothesis, impact evaluation framework, etc. The life cycle evaluation model of automobile power system is established. Through field research, expert visits and other forms of data collection and inventory analysis, the use of GaBi software to the two power systems from raw materials, production and manufacturing, The evaluation model was constructed and calculated in four stages from operation to final scrap recovery, and other stages, such as logistics, transportation and maintenance, were analyzed. CML and CML modified models were used to characterize, normalize and quantify the calculated results, and two life cycle resource and environment impact assessment data of power systems were obtained. The results showed that: except fossil energy depletion, The comprehensive values of mineral resource depletion and environmental emission in the whole life cycle of electric vehicle power system are larger than that of internal combustion engine automobile power system. In order to identify the main causes of environmental impact, the sensitivity analysis of the main indicators (100 km power consumption, battery charge efficiency and manufacturing energy consumption) that affect the environmental emissions of pure electric vehicle power system is carried out. Based on the situational analysis of the electric energy structure in China, the measures to reduce the potential resource and environmental impact are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U469.7

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