铁矿石物流储备中心选址问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 02:30

本文选题：铁矿石 + 物流储备中心　；参考：《大连海事大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：钢铁产业是国家工业的命脉,而钢铁企业最主要的原材料就是铁矿石。我国现阶段铁矿石的年产量排名全世界的第一位,但是进口量也排在第一位,对外进口依赖程度有继续增加的趋势。这些都源自于我国境内的铁矿石资源品位低,开采难度大。由于我国铁矿石进口比例过大,而国内又没有一定量的铁矿石储备,所以我国在铁矿石国际贸易市场中,采购价格的谈判一直处于被动地位。随着国际铁矿石价格波动频率增大,对我国钢铁企业健康发展带来巨大挑战。所以我国应建立独立自主的铁矿石物流储备中心,为我国主要钢铁企业提供保障。在现阶段船舶大型化的趋势下,40万吨级超大型矿砂船已经多次停靠我国港口,这种船型必是未来运输的主流。大型船舶会更多采用干线化的运输方式,形成密度更高的主干航线,节省停泊费用,减少靠泊港口。这会带来停靠港口地区铁矿石货量的短时急剧增加,会引发铁矿石在港口的积压。虽然这是对我国大型港口集疏运的挑战,但客观上也为我国建立铁矿石储备中心提供了机会。本文主要从物流角度研究我国主要钢厂所在区域的铁矿石物流储备中心的选址问题。本文首先分析铁矿石贸易运输的基本现状,再论证建设铁矿石物流储备中心的必要性,提出物流储备中心的选址理论基础,利用双层选址模型进行定量分析。上层模型生成物流储备中心选址的方案,下层模型生成不同选址方案对应的铁矿石流量分布方案和运输方案。在下层模型构建中融入了陆上交通运输基本方法,上层模型和下层模型之间相互反馈。最后以我国几大铁矿石枢纽港为例,做实证分析,计算得出此背景下的铁矿石物流储备中心地点,为未来我国建立能源储备基地、区域分销中心提供一种思路和可行方案。
[Abstract]:Iron and steel industry is the lifeblood of national industry, and iron ore is the main raw material of iron and steel enterprises. At present, China ranks first in the world in terms of annual output of iron ore, but also in the first place in terms of import volume, and the degree of dependence on foreign imports continues to increase. These are derived from the low grade of iron ore resources in China, mining is difficult. Because the import ratio of iron ore in our country is too large and there is no iron ore reserve in our country, the negotiation of purchasing price has been in a passive position in the international trade market of iron ore. With the increasing frequency of international iron ore price fluctuation, the healthy development of iron and steel enterprises in China brings great challenges. Therefore, our country should establish an independent iron ore logistics reserve center to provide guarantee for our main iron and steel enterprises. Under the trend of large scale of ships at this stage, 400,000 tons of super-large ore-sand ships have been docked in our ports many times, and this type of ship must be the mainstream of future transportation. Large ships will use more trunk lines, form more dense trunk routes, save berthing costs, and reduce berthing ports. This would result in a sharp increase in iron ore shipments in docked ports, triggering a backlog of iron ore at the port. Although this is a challenge to China's large ports, it also provides an opportunity for China to set up an iron ore reserve center. This paper mainly studies the location of the iron ore logistics reserve center in the region where the main steel mills in China are located from the point of view of logistics. This paper first analyzes the basic status of iron ore trade and transportation, then demonstrates the necessity of building iron ore logistics reserve center, puts forward the theoretical basis of location of logistics reserve center, and makes quantitative analysis by using double layer location model. The upper model generates the logistics reserve center location scheme, and the lower layer model generates the iron ore flow distribution scheme and transportation scheme corresponding to different location schemes. The basic method of land transportation is incorporated in the construction of the lower layer model, and the feedback between the upper model and the lower model is presented. Finally, taking several major iron ore hub ports in China as an example, the paper calculates the location of iron ore logistics reserve center under this background, and provides a way of thinking and feasible scheme for the establishment of energy reserve base and regional distribution center in China in the future.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F426.1;F259.2

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