A轨道车辆公司采购管理问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 20:27

本文选题：采购管理 + 供应链　；参考：《西南交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国持续加大铁路建设投资,对拉动经济增长及相关产业链的发展起到了重要作用,为稳定经济增长提供了有力支撑。但纵观产业发展历史,每一个行业都有其生命周期。中国铁路装备制造业已经进入快速发展阶段,未来将进入成熟期和衰退期。由于产品同质化严重,未来产业的竞争将越来越多地体现为供应链的竞争。采购管理是供应链管理的核心环节。本人作为A轨道车辆公司一线采购人员,总结八年采购工作经验,结合MBA课程所学知识,对A轨道车辆公司采购管理的现状进行写实,总结问题所在,针对这些问题,提出优化方案。利用层次分析法为供应商选择提供了理论依据；利用EOQ模型确定消耗材料的最佳订货量和最佳订货频次；利用ABC分类方法,科学分配仓储物流管控精力,提高工作效率。借助A轨道车辆公司正在开展的精益改善活动,文中的部分优化方案已经付诸实施,并取得一定的成效。如外购件一次交验合格率提升2.23%；日到货准时率提升23.3%；采购流程得到梳理和完善；物流服务和效率得到提升；制定了碳钢线的库存管理期量标准；初步实现工位制仓储,提高了拣选效率等；但随着改善活动的逐渐开展,各优化方案逐步实施,将会使一次交验合格率持续提升,异常逐年减少,SAP系统内供应链信息化平台不断完善,物流服务水平进一步提升,必将使整条供应链趋于稳定并逐步实现共赢。从理论上讲,采购管理是一项复杂的系统化的工作,对采购问题的研究,在我国只有短短的十几年,而供应链具有联动性,如果剖离开其他因素只考虑其中一个节点的利益得失,很容易陷入效益悖反论的怪圈。本文在研究A轨道车辆公司的同时,对整条供应链进行评估,综合考虑内外部关联程度,对企业采购管理改革提出了具体可行的优化方案。从实践上讲,对采购问题的优化,很难在短期内完成,它需要整条供应链上每一个点的配合,只有充分认识现状,才能更好地把握问题,找到改善空间并有针对性地提出改善方案。本人在撰写论文之前,做了大量的基础调研,包括对供应商所在地和运输周期的写实,对物资采购流程中问题点的搜集和整理等,这篇论文不仅能为A轨道车辆公司提供绿色供应链解决方案,同时对其他制造业企业也有一定的借鉴作用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China has continuously increased investment in railway construction, which has played an important role in stimulating economic growth and the development of related industrial chains, and has provided a strong support for stabilizing economic growth. But throughout the history of industrial development, each industry has its life cycle. China's railway equipment manufacturing industry has entered a stage of rapid development and will enter a mature and declining period in the future. Because the product homogeneity is serious, the future industry competition will be more and more reflected in the supply chain competition. Procurement management is the core link of supply chain management. As a front-line purchasing staff of A rail vehicle company, I sum up eight years of experience in purchasing, combine with the knowledge of MBA course, and give a realistic description of the current situation of procurement management of A rail vehicle company, summarize the problems, and aim at these problems. The optimization scheme is proposed. AHP is used to provide theoretical basis for supplier selection; EOQ model is used to determine the optimal order quantity and optimal ordering frequency of consumable materials; ABC classification method is used to scientifically distribute storage logistics control energy and improve working efficiency. With the help of the lean improvement activities being carried out by A Rail vehicle Company, some of the optimization schemes in this paper have been put into practice, and some results have been achieved. For example, the passing rate of one inspection of purchased parts is increased by 2.23%; the daily delivery rate is increased by 23.3%; the procurement process is combed and improved; the logistics service and efficiency are improved; the inventory management period quantity standard of carbon steel wire is established; and the storage system of working place system is preliminarily realized. The efficiency of sorting is improved, but with the gradual development of improvement activities and the gradual implementation of various optimization schemes, the pass rate of one inspection will continue to increase, and the abnormal number of annual decreases in the supply chain information platform in SAP system will be continuously improved. The further improvement of logistics service level will make the whole supply chain stable and realize the win-win situation step by step. Theoretically speaking, procurement management is a complicated and systematic work. The research on procurement problem has only been in our country for only ten years, but supply chain has a linkage. If we leave other factors to consider only the benefits of one of the nodes, it is easy to fall into an inverse circle of benefits. At the same time, this paper evaluates the whole supply chain, considers the degree of internal and external correlation, and puts forward a feasible optimization scheme for the enterprise procurement management reform. In practice, the optimization of purchasing problems is difficult to complete in a short time. It needs the cooperation of every point in the whole supply chain. Only by fully understanding the current situation, can we better grasp the problem. Find room for improvement and propose a plan for improvement. Before I wrote my thesis, I did a lot of basic research, including realistic description of supplier location and transportation cycle, collection and collation of problem points in material procurement process, etc. This paper can not only provide a green supply chain solution for A rail vehicle company, but also can be used as a reference for other manufacturing enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F274;F426.472

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