地震灾害下救援物资车辆调度问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 18:03

本文选题：应急物流 + 地震　；参考：《辽宁科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国领土幅员辽阔,地质构造复杂,一直以来都是世界上受自然灾害影响最为严重的国家之一。近年来,更是接连发生了一系列特大自然灾害。这些重大灾害事件造成了大量的人员伤亡和巨大的财产损失,给社会经济建设带来很大危害。应急物流的运作环境决定了应急物流车辆路径问题要比一般车辆路径问题更为复杂,因为它除了要考虑需求点接受应急物资的时间要求外,而且在灾难发生的初期,其物资需求不仅具有很大的不确定性,同时应急物资也往往存在供应不足的情况。因此,在关键救援期内,如何确定合理的应急物资配送的车辆行驶路线和数量,是能否有效展开救援工作的关键。但目前在应急物资调度过程中,仍存在物资配送不协调、受灾点需求满足率不平衡以及应急物资浪费等现象。因此需要进一步找出影响应急物资调度的关键因素,实现应急物资的优化调度,来提高应急物资调度水平。本文首先根据地震灾害的突发性和危害性,提出了问题的研究意义和研究背景,综述了应急物流和车辆调度问题的国内外研究现状。其次介绍了应急物流与震后救援物资需求相关理论、求解车辆调度问题的算法。根据上述情况分析建立了两个双目标模型,第一个模型是从受灾人的角度,根据地震刚刚发生时实际情况,由于各种原因,救援物资需求还未得到满足,建立了运输物资时间最短和受灾人满意度最大的双目标模型;而在地震救援的后期,救援物资已经充足,完全能够满足灾区人的需要,第二个模型则从节省成本的角度,建立了运输物资时间最短和运输费用最低的双目标模型。最后运用蚁群算法求解上述的两个模型,多次选取参数、最终画出图形求得满意解,得到满意结果。
[Abstract]:China has a vast territory and complicated geological structure, which has been one of the countries most seriously affected by natural disasters. In recent years, a series of natural disasters have occurred in succession. These major disasters caused a large number of casualties and property losses, and brought great harm to the social and economic construction. The operational environment of emergency logistics determines that the vehicle routing problem of emergency logistics is more complex than the general vehicle routing problem, because it not only has to consider the time requirement of receiving emergency materials at the point of demand, but also in the early stage of the disaster. Its material demand not only has great uncertainty, but also the emergency supplies often exist the situation of insufficient supply. Therefore, in the critical rescue period, how to determine the reasonable vehicle route and quantity of emergency material distribution is the key to effectively carry out rescue work. However, in the process of emergency material scheduling, there are still some phenomena, such as disharmony of material distribution, imbalance of demand satisfaction rate and waste of emergency materials. Therefore, it is necessary to find out the key factors that affect the emergency material scheduling, to realize the optimal scheduling of emergency materials, and to improve the level of emergency material scheduling. In this paper, firstly, according to the sudden and harmful nature of earthquake disaster, the research significance and background of the problem are put forward, and the research status of emergency logistics and vehicle scheduling problems at home and abroad is summarized. Secondly, the theory of emergency logistics and post-earthquake relief material demand is introduced, and the algorithm to solve vehicle scheduling problem is presented. Based on the above analysis, two double-objective models were established. The first model is from the perspective of the affected people. According to the actual situation at the time of the earthquake, because of various reasons, the need for relief supplies has not been met. A two-objective model with the shortest time to transport materials and the greatest satisfaction with the affected persons is established. In the latter stage of earthquake relief, the relief materials are already sufficient to fully meet the needs of the people in the disaster areas. The second model is from the perspective of cost saving. A two-objective model with the shortest time and the lowest transportation cost is established. Finally, ant colony algorithm is used to solve the above two models, and the parameters are selected many times. Finally, the graph is drawn to obtain the satisfactory solution and the satisfactory result is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：P315.9;TP18

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