提高半挂汽车列车操纵稳定性的参数优化匹配研究
发布时间：2018-08-09 12:36
【摘要】：随着我国道路运输业的发展,由于半挂汽车列车具有装载运输量大、运输成本低、运输效率高等优势,其在物流运输业中扮演着越来越重要的角色。与其他汽车相比,由于半挂汽车列车具有载重量大、纵向尺寸长、整车质心高等特点,并且其整车操纵稳定性受车辆单元之间相互作用的影响,其失稳形式更为复杂,它在行驶过程中容易发生“折叠”、“甩尾”、“横向摆振”等横摆失稳现象和侧翻失稳现象,这将会引发严重的交通事故,如何改善和提高半挂汽车列车的操纵稳定性已成为汽车厂商和研究单位所追求的目标。本文主要通过研究半挂汽车列车操纵稳定性客观评价指标与其结构参数的线性关系,优化匹配车辆结构参数,从而提高半挂汽车列车操纵稳定性。通过查阅大量相关资料,选取出半挂汽车列车的10个重要结构参数,参考乘用车操纵稳定性客观评价指标的选取方法,从评价方法的实用性、评价指标的客观性和车辆操纵稳定性评价的可操作性等方面出发,选取四个操纵稳定性客观评价指标：载荷转移率和静态侧翻极限值为侧翻稳定性客观评价指标,侧向加速度后向放大值和牵引车与半挂车相对横摆角速度为横摆稳定性客观评价指标。基于软件TruckSim建立半挂汽车列车整车模型,采用单移线仿真试验,依据客观评价指标,通过分析参数变化对车辆操稳性的影响,确定了6个与车辆匹配的参数：牵引车轴距、牵引车质心高度、牵引车后轴悬架刚度、半挂车轴距、空载时半挂车质心离牵引点距离、半挂车悬架刚度。设计正交试验,采取最优试验方法与次数,得出了半挂汽车列车在5种不同载荷情况下,客观评价指标与结构参数的多元线性回归方程,采用多元线性回归分析理论,对线性回归方程进行分析,确定了半挂汽车列车的两个综合客观评价指标：侧翻稳定性综合客观评价指标与横摆稳定性综合客观评价指标。应用多目标线性规划的优化方法,以半挂汽车列车的侧翻稳定性综合客观评价指标和横摆稳定性综合客观评价指标为目标函数,以确定的6个车辆参数为优化变量进行优化,对比仿真前后结果,综合评价操稳性变化情况,结果表明,优化后车辆的操纵稳定性能得到了较为明显的改善。
[Abstract]:With the development of road transportation in China, semi-trailer trains play a more and more important role in logistics industry because of their advantages such as large load, low transportation cost and high transportation efficiency. Compared with other vehicles, the semi-trailer train has the characteristics of large load, long longitudinal dimension, high center of mass, and its vehicle handling stability is affected by the interaction between vehicle units, so the instability form is more complex. "folding", "tail-flick", "lateral shimmy" and so on are likely to occur in the course of driving, which will lead to serious traffic accidents. How to improve and improve the handling and stability of semi-trailer trains has become the goal pursued by automobile manufacturers and research units. In this paper, the linear relationship between the objective evaluation index and the structural parameters of the semi-trailer train is studied to optimize the matching of the vehicle structural parameters, so as to improve the handling stability of the semi-trailer train. Through consulting a large number of related data, 10 important structural parameters of semi-trailer train are selected, and the selection method of objective evaluation index of passenger vehicle handling stability is referred to, and the practicability of the evaluation method is analyzed. From the aspects of objectivity of evaluation index and maneuverability of vehicle handling stability evaluation, four objective evaluation indexes of maneuvering stability are selected: load transfer rate and static rollover limit value as objective evaluation index of rollover stability. The lateral acceleration backward magnification value and relative yaw angle velocity between tractor and semitrailer are objective evaluation indexes of yaw stability. Based on the software TruckSim, the vehicle model of semi-trailer train is established, and the simulation test of single moving line is adopted. According to the objective evaluation index, six parameters matching the vehicle are determined by analyzing the influence of the change of parameters on the operating stability of the vehicle, that is, the wheelbase of the tractor. Height of center of mass of tractor, stiffness of rear axle suspension of tractor, wheelbase of semitrailer, distance of centroid from traction point when no load, stiffness of suspension of semitrailer. By designing orthogonal test, adopting the optimal test method and times, the multivariate linear regression equation of objective evaluation index and structural parameters of semi-trailer train under five different loads is obtained, and the theory of multivariate linear regression analysis is adopted. By analyzing the linear regression equation, two comprehensive objective evaluation indexes of the semi-trailer train, namely, the comprehensive objective evaluation index of the rollover stability and the comprehensive objective evaluation index of the yaw stability, are determined. By using the optimization method of multi-objective linear programming, the objective evaluation index of the rolling stability of the semi-trailer train and the objective evaluation index of the yaw stability are taken as the objective functions, and the six vehicle parameters determined are optimized as the optimization variables. Compared with the results before and after simulation, comprehensive evaluation of the operating stability changes, the results show that the optimized vehicle handling and stability performance has been significantly improved.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U469.5
本文编号：2174093
[Abstract]:With the development of road transportation in China, semi-trailer trains play a more and more important role in logistics industry because of their advantages such as large load, low transportation cost and high transportation efficiency. Compared with other vehicles, the semi-trailer train has the characteristics of large load, long longitudinal dimension, high center of mass, and its vehicle handling stability is affected by the interaction between vehicle units, so the instability form is more complex. "folding", "tail-flick", "lateral shimmy" and so on are likely to occur in the course of driving, which will lead to serious traffic accidents. How to improve and improve the handling and stability of semi-trailer trains has become the goal pursued by automobile manufacturers and research units. In this paper, the linear relationship between the objective evaluation index and the structural parameters of the semi-trailer train is studied to optimize the matching of the vehicle structural parameters, so as to improve the handling stability of the semi-trailer train. Through consulting a large number of related data, 10 important structural parameters of semi-trailer train are selected, and the selection method of objective evaluation index of passenger vehicle handling stability is referred to, and the practicability of the evaluation method is analyzed. From the aspects of objectivity of evaluation index and maneuverability of vehicle handling stability evaluation, four objective evaluation indexes of maneuvering stability are selected: load transfer rate and static rollover limit value as objective evaluation index of rollover stability. The lateral acceleration backward magnification value and relative yaw angle velocity between tractor and semitrailer are objective evaluation indexes of yaw stability. Based on the software TruckSim, the vehicle model of semi-trailer train is established, and the simulation test of single moving line is adopted. According to the objective evaluation index, six parameters matching the vehicle are determined by analyzing the influence of the change of parameters on the operating stability of the vehicle, that is, the wheelbase of the tractor. Height of center of mass of tractor, stiffness of rear axle suspension of tractor, wheelbase of semitrailer, distance of centroid from traction point when no load, stiffness of suspension of semitrailer. By designing orthogonal test, adopting the optimal test method and times, the multivariate linear regression equation of objective evaluation index and structural parameters of semi-trailer train under five different loads is obtained, and the theory of multivariate linear regression analysis is adopted. By analyzing the linear regression equation, two comprehensive objective evaluation indexes of the semi-trailer train, namely, the comprehensive objective evaluation index of the rollover stability and the comprehensive objective evaluation index of the yaw stability, are determined. By using the optimization method of multi-objective linear programming, the objective evaluation index of the rolling stability of the semi-trailer train and the objective evaluation index of the yaw stability are taken as the objective functions, and the six vehicle parameters determined are optimized as the optimization variables. Compared with the results before and after simulation, comprehensive evaluation of the operating stability changes, the results show that the optimized vehicle handling and stability performance has been significantly improved.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U469.5
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