电动叉车举升系统能量回收及试验研究

发布时间：2018-08-22 08:03

【摘要】：近年来,随着能源的绿色化、高效化、可持续化的观念深入人心,电动叉车以其易操作、噪声小、无污染等优点被广泛应用于机场、仓库、食品、微电子等场所。在物流行业飞速发展的今天,电动叉车的购买量逐年稳定增加。而电动叉车堆放货物时,其举升系统频繁的上下往复作业,将重力势能持续转化为热能,耗散在液压系统中,从而造成液压系统的温升,降低液压元器件的使用性能和寿命等问题。因此对电动叉车的能量回收研究具有广阔的市场前景和巨大的现实效益,已逐渐成为当前叉车工业技术的研究热点。本文针对以上问题,结合中央高校基本科研业务项目,对电动叉车举升系统进行势能回收研究,主要内容如下:1、了解叉车及其节能环保技术的历史研究历程和发展,并根据四支点平衡重2.5 T电动叉车的能耗分布试验数据,提出一种基于异步电动机(发电机)——泵(液压马达)——蓄电池的举升机构能量回收技术方案,并在此基础上对系统进行理论和技术方面的研究分析。2、分析叉车的电液系统采用变频调速技术的节能原理。根据电动叉车的负载转矩特性以及液压系统特点,将直接转矩控制技术应用于叉车电液控制系统,并配合势能回收技术进行综合研究分析。3、利用异步电动机可做发电机的工作特性,将蓄电池连接在控制器输出端,从而实现液电能量的转化并对蓄电池充电,这也是本课题的一个创新之处。根据电动叉车吨位及节能技术方案特点,进行参数匹配设计计算,为选择元器件提供理论依据,并进行试验台的搭建。4、采用阿尔泰PCI9602数据采集系统,进行试验,验证该方案的可行性,并研究不同负重、不同转速下势能回收的效率。试验结果表明:在转速1200 r/min,负载增加138 KG,回收的势能增加1286.82 J,势能回收效率高达79.29%。通过本文的研究,探讨了以蓄电池为储能元件的节能技术及实现方法,并通过试验研究了势能回收效率的最佳工况,即马达转速为1200r/min,为电动叉车的节能技术提供了有效的参考,具有一定的实际应用价值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the green, high efficiency and sustainable concept of energy, electric forklift is widely used in airport, warehouse, food, microelectronics and other places with its advantages of easy operation, low noise, no pollution and so on. With the rapid development of logistics industry, the purchase of electric forklift is increasing steadily year by year. When the electric forklift is stacked, the lifting system works up and down frequently, and the gravity potential energy is continuously converted into heat energy, which is dissipated in the hydraulic system, resulting in the temperature rise of the hydraulic system. Reduce the performance and service life of hydraulic components. Therefore, the research on energy recovery of electric forklift has broad market prospect and huge practical benefit, and has gradually become the research hotspot of forklift truck industry technology. In view of the above problems, combined with the basic scientific research business project of the central university, this paper studies the potential energy recovery of the lift system of electric forklift. The main contents are as follows: 1, to understand the history and development of forklift and its energy-saving and environmental protection technology. According to the test data of the energy consumption distribution of the four-fulcrum balanced 2.5T electric forklift truck, a technical scheme of energy recovery for lifting mechanism based on asynchronous motor (generator) -pump (hydraulic motor) -battery is proposed. On the basis of this, the paper analyzes the theory and technology of the system, and analyzes the principle of energy saving in the electro-hydraulic system of forklift truck. According to the load torque characteristic and hydraulic system characteristic of electric forklift, the direct torque control technology is applied to the electro-hydraulic control system of forklift truck. And combined with the potential energy recovery technology for comprehensive research and analysis. 3, using asynchronous motor can be used as generator, the battery is connected to the output end of the controller, thus realizing the conversion of hydraulic and electric energy and charging the battery. This is also an innovation of this topic. According to the characteristics of tonnage and energy saving technical scheme of electric forklift, the parameter matching design calculation is carried out, which provides the theoretical basis for selecting components and components, and carries on the test with Altay PCI9602 data acquisition system. The feasibility of the scheme is verified and the efficiency of potential energy recovery under different load and rotation speed is studied. The results show that at 1200 r / min, the load increases 138kg, the recovered potential energy increases 1286.82 J, and the potential energy recovery efficiency reaches 79.29%. Through the research of this paper, the energy saving technology and realization method of battery as energy storage element are discussed, and the optimum working condition of potential energy recovery efficiency is studied through experiments, that is, motor speed is 1200 rpm, which provides an effective reference for energy saving technology of electric forklift truck. It has certain practical application value.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH242

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