第三方整车物流企业乘用车运输网络优化研究

发布时间：2018-08-22 08:40

【摘要】：近些年,随着我国汽车产业的蓬勃发展,汽车物流也逐渐步入了发展的快车道。由于国内第三方整车物流企业普遍呈现出散、乱、小的特点,在封闭的物流体系内资源无法得到最优配置,企业不得不面临着高物流成本的困境。与此同时,交通运输部进一步加强治理乘用车公路运输存在的超限问题,这无疑使企业降本难上加难。因此,规避公路运输方式下的运营风险,对乘用车运输网络进行优化从而实现降本增效,已成为第三方整车物流企业日益关注的重点。首先,论文在阐述国内外多式联运研究应用的基础上,剖析将多式联运应用于乘用车运输存在的难点,进一步分析订单交付模式对乘用车运输组织的影响,引入轴辐式网络构建了适于乘用车运输的网络拓扑结构,并建立了运输网络优化的方法体系;其次,构建包含4类一级指标及13项二级指标的评价体系,运用因子分析对物流节点进行综合评价,选出适合建设枢纽的备选节点;接着,构建基于直达运输和多式联运运输组织模式下的轴辐式网络优化模型,设计禁忌搜索算法求解;最后,结合实例对模型展开验证,对不同的参数水平进行交叉分析,确定各影响因子对优化结果的影响,调整相应参数,输出最终的优化方案。从优化结果来看,节点所在地区的经济发展、交通基础设施建设以及物流需求规模等条件是影响枢纽选取的关键因素。与此同时,枢纽节点的数量、容量及折扣系数的设置会对整个运输网络的物流成本产生重要影响。优化后的乘用车运输网络,在物流成本、运输结构、物流效率等方面都有不同水平的优化。论文的研究成果可为第三方整车物流企业开展运输网络规划提供技术支持,具有一定的现实指导意义。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the vigorous development of automobile industry in China, automobile logistics has gradually stepped into the fast lane of development. Because of the scattered, chaotic and small characteristics of domestic third-party vehicle logistics enterprises, the resources can not be allocated optimally in the closed logistics system, so the enterprises have to face the dilemma of high logistics costs. At the same time, the Ministry of Transport to further strengthen the management of passenger vehicle road transport problems, which undoubtedly make it more difficult for enterprises to reduce the cost. Therefore, avoiding the operational risk under the road transportation mode, optimizing the passenger vehicle transportation network to achieve cost reduction and efficiency increase, has become the focus of the third party vehicle logistics enterprises. First of all, on the basis of expounding the research and application of multimodal transport at home and abroad, the paper analyzes the difficulties existing in the application of multimodal transport to passenger transport, and further analyzes the influence of order delivery mode on passenger transport organization. This paper introduces the axis-spoke network to construct the network topology structure suitable for passenger car transportation, and establishes the method system of transportation network optimization. Secondly, the evaluation system which includes 4 kinds of first-grade indexes and 13 second-order indexes is constructed. The logistics node is evaluated synthetically by factor analysis, which is suitable for the construction of the hub. Then, the axle-spoke network optimization model based on direct transportation and multimodal transport organization mode is constructed, and the Tabu search algorithm is designed to solve the problem. Finally, the model is verified by an example, and different parameter levels are cross-analyzed to determine the influence of each influence factor on the optimization results, adjust the corresponding parameters, and output the final optimization scheme. From the optimization results, the economic development of the area where the nodes are located, the construction of transportation infrastructure and the scale of logistics demand are the key factors affecting the selection of hubs. At the same time, the number, capacity and discount coefficient of the node will have an important impact on the logistics cost of the whole transportation network. The optimized passenger vehicle transportation network has different levels of optimization in logistics cost, transportation structure, logistics efficiency and so on. The research results of this paper can provide technical support for the third party vehicle logistics enterprises to carry out transportation network planning, which has a certain practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U492.2

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