强化结晶氨法捕碳工艺研究与能效优化

发布时间：2018-10-19 13:54

【摘要】：基于300 MW燃煤电站,采用流程模拟软件Aspen Plus,建立了传统的氨法大规模捕集CO2的模型,同时建立了一种新型的氨法脱碳模型。进一步对比分析了新型氨法脱碳工艺与传统的富液再生工艺的操作参数对脱碳效率、氨逃逸量、CO2出口流量以及再生能耗的影响。得出:新型的脱碳工艺在CO2的吸收与再生过程中较传统工艺有较大的优越性。在吸收过程中,新工艺在保证高的吸收反应速率的同时,也保证了高的NH3利用率;再生过程中,新工艺再生的CO2量高出传统工艺约30%,更重要的是,新工艺的再生能耗远低于传统工艺,当选用最优操作参数时新工艺的再生能耗仅为传统工艺的41.5%。并对吸收反应和结晶过程进行了实验研究,验证了仿真模拟关于吸收部分结论的正确性。建立典型300MW电站蒸汽循环模型,对不同的电站蒸汽负荷进行了定义、设置与分析。对额定负荷下的各抽取点的流率与电站实际数据进行了对比研究。以50%、75%、100%和最大负荷为变量,分析了各个抽汽点的温度、压力和流率、小汽机的物流和功流以及汽轮机热耗率、机组热耗率的模拟值与计算值,得出其与电站实际数据切合,验证了模型的准确性。建立了两种捕碳工艺模型与电厂蒸汽循环的整合平台。比较分析了两种工艺模型与电厂整合的优劣,主要从能耗以及对电厂发电量等方面进行对比分析,并得到:一方面从汽轮机低压端位置抽取蒸汽对发电量的影响比从高压端抽取蒸汽的影响更小;另一方面,新工艺能耗比传统工艺要低很多,对电厂发电量的影响也比传统工艺小,所以新工艺在节约能耗的方面比传统工艺有很大的优势,即新工艺对电站脱碳系统的能效进行了优化。通过本文可有望为以后的电站CO2捕集技术提供新的参考方法。
[Abstract]:Based on 300 MW coal-fired power station, the traditional model of large-scale capture of CO2 by ammonia process was established by using the process simulation software Aspen Plus, and a new model of ammonia decarbonization was also established. The effects of operating parameters of the new ammonia decarbonization process and the traditional rich liquid regeneration process on the decarburization efficiency, ammonia escape rate, CO2 outlet flow rate and regeneration energy consumption were further compared and analyzed. It is concluded that the new decarburization process is superior to the traditional process in the process of CO2 absorption and regeneration. In the process of absorption, the new process not only guarantees high absorption rate of reaction, but also ensures high utilization of NH3. In the process of regeneration, the amount of CO2 regenerated by the new process is about 30% higher than that of the traditional process, and more importantly, the amount of CO2 regenerated by the new process is about 30% higher than that of the traditional process. The regeneration energy consumption of the new process is much lower than that of the traditional process. When the optimal operating parameters are selected, the regeneration energy consumption of the new process is only 41.5 of that of the traditional process. The experimental study on absorption reaction and crystallization process verifies the correctness of the simulation results. The steam cycle model of typical 300MW power station is established, and the different steam load of power station is defined, set up and analyzed. The flow rate of each extraction point under rated load is compared with the actual data of the power station. The temperature, pressure and flow rate of each extraction point, the material flow and power flow of small steam turbine, the simulated value and calculation value of heat consumption rate of steam turbine and the heat consumption rate of unit are analyzed with 50% and 100% maximum load as variables, and the results are in accord with the actual data of the power station. The veracity of the model is verified. Two carbon capture process models and steam cycle integration platform in power plant are established. The advantages and disadvantages of the integration of the two process models with the power plant are compared and analyzed, mainly from the aspects of energy consumption and the power generation of the power plant. On the one hand, the influence of extracting steam from the low pressure end of steam turbine is less than that from the high pressure end; on the other hand, the energy consumption of the new process is much lower than that of the traditional process. The new process has a great advantage over the traditional process in saving energy consumption, that is, the new process optimizes the energy efficiency of the decarburization system of the power plant. This paper is expected to provide a new reference method for the future CO2 capture technology in power plants.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TM621

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