新型双层液压轿运车车厢的设计研究

发布时间：2018-10-31 08:29

【摘要】：汽车行业的发展提高了其对整车物流行业的整体要求,商品车运输的成本、质量、服务等各项物流指标都相应提高。由于我国的商品车物流行业起步较晚,与国外的商品车运输车比起来,我国的轿运车多为在通用货车的基础上改造而成,技术水平较为落后,主要表现在两个方面:其一,轿运车自动化水平不高,商品车的装载方式主要依靠人力手工操作,装载效率较低;其二,轿运车配载不够科学,由于装载人为操作,主要靠个体依据以往经验进行主观判断,缺少科学方法的引导,造成轿运车配载不优化,运载工具即轿运车的运力浪费。本文吸取国外轿运车的先进技术,并结合国内轿运车运输经验,针对国内整车物流企业所面临的物流成本问题设计开发了新型双层液压轿运车的车架结构,并进行了配载空间的优化,以达到专用轿运车辆的配载水平,使结构更加科学合理。本文主要的工作内容包括以下三个方面:(1)完成新型轿运车车架钢结构的设计。在符合我国道路交通对货运车辆外廓尺寸参数的要求下,选择整体式专用汽车列车作为轿运车基本结构形式,确定新型双层轿运车的结构形式和尺寸参数,使轿运车市场实现了三层叠装的装载形式。并且在此基础上,结合CATIA三维建模平台的结构设计模块,创建新型轿运车专用型材库,建立了新型轿运车三维结构模型,也方便了后续优化的钢结构参数化设计。(2)对新型轿运车进行了优化配载研究。针对国内整车物流配载不科学问题,将服装下料的二维排样算法引入到轿运车优化配载当中来,而这类问题属于典型的组合优化的NP完全问题。利用多边形运算实现排样,排样过程中运用遗传算法对多边形空间利用率进行优化判断,通过改变遗传迭代次数,使整个配载达到最优化。(3)开发了配载系统的可视化界面。将优化配载方案落实到商品车的摆放位置以及角度,并根据摆放位置及角度坐标完成对轿运车货台角度摆放,从而完成新型轿运车桁架结构及载货台放置。本课题中不仅在液压双层轿运车在单位体积装载商品车数量及叠装的装载方式上,给国内现有轿运车市场一个很大的启示,同时运用服装下料、零件切割的二维多边形排样算法进行了轿运车优化配载方面的尝试,并取得了良好的效果,验证了其可靠性和实用性。
[Abstract]:The development of automobile industry has raised the overall requirements of the whole automobile logistics industry, and the cost, quality, service and other logistics indexes of the commercial vehicle transportation have been raised accordingly. Because of the late start of the commodity vehicle logistics industry in our country, compared with the foreign commercial vehicle transport vehicle, most of the sedan cars in our country are transformed on the basis of general freight cars, and the technical level is relatively backward, mainly in two aspects: first, The automatization level of sedan car is not high, the loading mode of commercial vehicle mainly depends on manual operation, and the loading efficiency is low. Second, the loading of the sedan car is not scientific enough, because of the artificial operation of the car, the subjective judgment is mainly based on the individual's previous experience, and the lack of scientific method leads to the unoptimization of the loading of the car, and the waste of the carrying capacity of the vehicle. Based on the advanced technology of foreign sedan cars and the experience of domestic sedan car transportation, this paper designs and develops the frame structure of a new double-layer hydraulic sedan carrier in view of the logistics cost problems faced by domestic vehicle logistics enterprises. The loading space is optimized in order to reach the loading level of the special sedan car and make the structure more scientific and reasonable. The main work of this paper includes the following three aspects: (1) complete the design of the new car frame steel structure. In accordance with the requirements of road traffic in China for the external dimension parameters of freight vehicles, the integral special purpose vehicle train is selected as the basic structure form of the sedan car, and the structural form and dimension parameters of the new double-decker sedan car are determined. So that the sedan car market realizes the loading form of three-tier stacking. On this basis, combined with the structural design module of CATIA 3D modeling platform, the special profile library of the new sedan car is established, and the three-dimensional structural model of the new sedan car is established. It also facilitates the parametric design of subsequent optimization of steel structure. (2) the optimal loading of the new sedan car is studied. Aiming at the unscientific problem of domestic vehicle logistics loading, this paper introduces the two-dimensional layout algorithm of garment cutting into the optimal loading of sedan car, and this kind of problem belongs to the typical NP complete problem of combinatorial optimization. In the process of layout, genetic algorithm is used to optimize the polygon space utilization ratio, and the number of genetic iterations is changed. The whole stowage is optimized. (3) the visual interface of the stowage system is developed. The optimal stowage scheme is implemented to the position and angle of the commercial vehicle, and the angle of the platform is arranged according to the position and angle coordinate, so that the new type of truck truss structure and the loading platform are put in place. In this paper, not only in the number of goods loaded per unit volume and the stacking loading mode, but also in the current market of sedan car in China a great inspiration is given to the hydraulic double-decker sedan car, and at the same time, the clothing material is used. The two-dimensional polygonal layout algorithm for cutting parts is used to optimize the loading of sedan car, and good results are obtained, and the reliability and practicability of the algorithm are verified.
【学位授予单位】：上海工程技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U463.84

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