基于CMM的A软件项目开发过程改进研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 00:01

本文选题：成熟度模型　切入点：软件项目　出处：《东华大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济和计算机信息技术的不断发展，现代化信息技术已经成为推动社会发展最有力的生产力要素。在当今信息社会中，任何技术使用都已经离不开软件。因此，从某种程度上来说，软件产品的质量高低，将给未来经济、社会发展带来一定影响。我国的软件行业在国际上起步相对较晚，这导致软件产量在国际销售市场上的额度比例较低，同时，有的软件还存在质量不高，故障频繁等问题，让用户单位在使用时，遇到了不少麻烦。分析我国软件产业的现状，可以看出不足：软件项目管理过程能力薄弱，缺乏科学管理过程体系，软件管理过程不够规范等。这些问题的存在，不仅导致软件开发过程混乱，而且难以充分发挥新技术、新理念和新工具的作用，同时也制约我国进一步优化软件项目管理，难以开发出高质量软件，最终无法满足市场的需求。好在，国内越来越多的软件企业已经开始关注软件项目过程能力提高，越来越重视软件过程能力实践，加大人力、物力和财力，积极投资于软件过程的改进和优化，并且取得了可喜的效果。 CMM软件成熟度模型是由美国国防部和卡内基·梅隆大学软件工程研究所（简称SEI，即Software Engineering Institute）受美国国防工业协会委托开发和制订。它于1991年始用美国，之后广泛推广世界各地。被引入中国后，国内软件企业掀起了CMM认证热潮。本文以一个化工行业的A软件项目为研究对象，运用CMM模型中的几个关键过程域，来分析和解决该项目在实施过程中，存在的影响软件质量的一些问题。当软件项目使用CMM模型时，不能完全照搬其标准，要按照企业和项目的自身特点和需要进行适当修改。在本文第3章中，针对A项目软件项目开发周期各阶段的质量控制，着重进行分析研究。通过实践工作，，比较CMM实施前后，发现A软件项目在过程规范度、开发文档缺失情况、系统缺陷率、项目延迟率等指标上，都较实施CMM前有了明显的提高。这个案例不仅具体说明A软件项目具有质量保证、可靠性高、可维护性强、可追溯性强的优点，而且一定会对使用该软件项目企业的今后发展，起到积极的作用。当前，我国的软件企业正在不断地改进、优化软件过程，加强软件项目质量管理，开发高质量软件，加快适应快速发展的市场需求，努力在国际化的市场竞争中占领一席之地。在这样的形势下，希望本文的研究结果，能给同行带来一些借鉴和启示，在提高软件质量、改进软件过程中，发挥自己的一点作用。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and computer information technology, modern information technology has become the most powerful productive factor to promote social development.In today's information society, any technology can not be used without software.Therefore, to some extent, the quality of software products will have a certain impact on the future economic and social development.The software industry in our country started relatively late in the world, which led to a low percentage of software output in the international sales market. At the same time, some software also had problems such as low quality and frequent failures, which allowed user units to use the software.There was a lot of trouble.By analyzing the present situation of software industry in China, we can see that the ability of software project management process is weak, the scientific management process system is lacking, the software management process is not standardized, and so on.The existence of these problems not only leads to confusion in the software development process, but also makes it difficult to give full play to the role of new technologies, new ideas and new tools. At the same time, it also restricts the further optimization of software project management and the development of high-quality software in China.Ultimately, the market can not meet the demand.Fortunately, more and more domestic software enterprises have begun to pay attention to the improvement of software project process capability, pay more and more attention to the practice of software process capability, increase human, material and financial resources, and actively invest in the improvement and optimization of software process.And achieved gratifying results.The CMM Software maturity Model was developed and developed by the Defense Department and the Carnegie Mellon University Institute of Software Engineering (SEI) by the Defense Industry Association of the United States.It was first used in the United States in 1991 and has since been widely spread around the world.After being introduced into China, domestic software enterprises set off a CMM certification boom.In this paper, a A software project in chemical industry is taken as the research object, and several key process areas in the CMM model are used to analyze and solve some problems that affect the software quality in the implementation process of the project.When software project uses CMM model, it can't copy its standard completely, it should be modified according to the characteristics and needs of enterprise and project.In the third chapter of this paper, we focus on the analysis and study of quality control in each stage of the software development cycle of Project A.By comparing the implementation of CMM before and after the implementation of CMM, it is found that the software A project has significantly improved in terms of process specification, lack of development documents, system defect rate, project delay rate and so on.This case not only shows that A software project has the advantages of high quality assurance, high reliability, strong maintainability and strong traceability, but also will play a positive role in the future development of the enterprise using the software project.At present, the software enterprises in our country are constantly improving, optimizing the software process, strengthening the quality management of software projects, developing high quality software, accelerating to adapt to the rapidly developing market demand, and striving to occupy a place in the international market competition.In such a situation, I hope that the research results of this paper can bring some reference and inspiration to the colleagues, and play a role in improving the software quality and improving the software process.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TP311.52

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