基于网格化的轨道工程建设安全风险管理模式研究

发布时间：2019-03-27 17:07

【摘要】：轨道交通具有运量大、速度快、安全、准点、环保、节约能源和用地等特点。世界各国普遍认识到:解决城市交通问题的根本出路在于优先发展以轨道交通为骨干的城市公共交通系统。伴随着我国城市化进程的加快,我国经济建设也取得了巨大的发展。为了缓解国内各大城市的交通拥堵现象,很多城市相继建设了城市轨道交通。轨道工程开工面多、建设难度大、参建单位多、工期紧张等特征,使得轨道工程建设安全风险管理形势严峻,必须通过理论创新和实践创新,为轨道工程建设提供切实可行的安全管理模式。本文以北京轨道工程建设为背景,采用理论与实践相结合、文献研究与现场调研相结合、定量与定性分析相结合、经验总结与统计归纳相结合等方法,探索了基于网格化的轨道工程建设安全风险管理模式。具体创新点总结如下:(1)将网格化管理理论引入轨道工程建设安全管理领域。网格化管理理论是管理学中一个新的管理理论,基于系统论、控制论、协同论的网格化管理方式具有数字化、精细化、动态化的管理特征,是一种典型的闭环管理模式。通过对霍尔的三维结构进行分析,并借鉴了美国杜邦公司的安全管理理论,结合北京市轨道交通工程建设全流程管理模式,将网格化管理理论与安全管理理论相结合应用与轨道工程建设安全管理中,可以提高轨道工程建设的安全管理水平,达到一个良好的安全管理效果。(2)构建了网格化轨道工程建设安全管理模式。首先阐述了目标结构化符号表示方法,并结合北京市轨道工程建设各个阶段的风险控制措施,明确了轨道工程建设安全管理的总目标,并建立了基于GSN方法的安全管理目标模型。同时,结合网格化安全管理理论,提出了北京市网格化轨道工程建设安全管理总模式,并分别对安全管理组织网格的运行机制中涉及的业务单位级、项目管理中心级以及施工单位级的网格化安全管理进行详细阐述;对任务网格中涉及的安全管理流程及协同机制进行研究。最后对连接组织网格与任务网格的安全管理信息系统进行详细阐述。(3)提出了轨道工程建设危险源识别与控制方法。首先分析了轨道工程建设危险源的特征,危险源识别的原则、依据;然后通过对危险源进行定性分析,建立了四级危险源级别,再通过定量分析,建立了识别危险源重要程度的模型;最后提出安全风险控制方法,包括最小系统仿真试验平台和独立第三方监测。(4)提出并建设了面向网格化安全管理的轨道工程建设安全监控中心。首先将网格化安全管理理论与信息系统大数据库的理论相结合;分别介绍了轨道工程建设安全监控中心信息系统的构成,详细介绍了施工安全风险监控子系统、盾构施工实时管理子系统、施工现场视频监控子系统、安全质量隐患子系统、动调管理、试运行故障统计子系统、应急视频会商子系统、基础支撑系统以及安全监控应急指挥平台。(5)工程案例。首先,阐述了北京市轨道工程建设特点及安全现状;然后将网格化安全管理理论应用于北京地铁六号线;并介绍了危险源排查系统在实际工程建设中的应用。
[Abstract]:The rail transit has the characteristics of large traffic volume, high speed, safety, alignment point, environmental protection, energy saving and land use. The world's countries are generally aware that the fundamental solution to the problem of urban traffic is to give priority to the development of urban public transport systems using rail traffic as the backbone. With the acceleration of the urbanization process in China, the economic construction of our country has also made great progress. In order to alleviate the traffic jam in the big cities of the country, many cities have successively constructed the urban rail transit. The construction safety risk management of the track project is serious, and it is necessary to provide a feasible and safe management mode for the construction of the track project through the theoretical innovation and the practice innovation. In this paper, based on the construction of the Beijing track project, combining the theory and practice, the combination of the literature research and the on-site investigation, the combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis, the combination of the experience summary and the statistical induction, the safety risk management mode of the railway construction based on the meshing is explored. The specific innovation points are summarized as follows: (1) The grid management theory is introduced into the field of safety management of track engineering construction. The theory of meshing management is a new management theory in management, and it is a typical closed-loop management mode based on the system theory, cybernetics and collaborative theory. By analyzing the three-dimensional structure of Hall, and using the safety management theory of Du Pont Company in the United States, and combining with the whole process management mode of Beijing rail transit project construction, this paper combines the theory of meshing management with the theory of safety management and the safety management of the track construction. The safety management level of the track construction can be improved, and a good safety management effect can be achieved. (2) The security management mode of the grid construction is constructed. Firstly, the target structured symbol representation method is described, and the risk control measures at all stages of the construction of the track construction of Beijing are described, the general goal of the safety management of the track construction is clarified, and a safety management target model based on the GSN method is established. At the same time, in combination with the theory of meshing safety management, the general model of the security management of the grid construction in Beijing is put forward, and the business unit level involved in the operation mechanism of the grid of the security management organization is respectively presented. The project management center level and the grid security management of the construction unit level are described in detail; the safety management process and the cooperative mechanism involved in the task grid are researched. Finally, the security management information system of the connection organization grid and the task grid is described in detail. (3) The method of identification and control of the source of the track construction is proposed. Firstly, the characteristics of the source of the source of the rail engineering construction and the principle and the basis of the identification of the hazard source are analyzed, then the level of the four-level hazard source is established through the qualitative analysis of the hazard source, and the model of the important degree of the hazard source is established through the quantitative analysis. Finally, a safety risk control method is proposed, which includes the minimum system simulation test platform and the independent third-party monitoring. (4) The railway engineering construction safety monitoring center facing the grid security management is proposed and constructed. Firstly, the theory of meshing safety management and the theory of large database of information system are combined; the construction of the information system of safety monitoring center of track construction is introduced. The construction safety risk monitoring sub-system and shield construction real-time management subsystem are introduced in detail. The construction site video monitoring subsystem, the safety quality hidden danger subsystem, the dynamic adjustment management, the trial operation fault statistic subsystem, the emergency video meeting subsystem, the basic support system and the safety monitoring and emergency command platform. (5) Engineering case. First of all, the characteristics and security status of Beijing track project construction are described, then the grid security management theory is applied to the six lines of Beijing Metro, and the application of the hazard source screening system in the actual project construction is also introduced.
【学位授予单位】：中国铁道科学研究院
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U215.8

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