中国现代个人主义文学思潮研究
发布时间：2018-08-14 10:21
【摘要】：个人主义思想自晚清时期通过译介的方式进入中国,到“五四”时期一时成为社会的思想热潮。个人主义作为一种异质文化,与中国的传统文化有着完全不同的价值取向,个人主义有着个人自由、个性解放、人格独立等个人本位的思想内涵,这与中国传统文化中强调顺从的伦理本位的“人”有着根本不同。“五四”新文化运动的“新青年”们在个人主义思想的影响下遂将矛头指向了以儒家为主流意识形态的传统文化,批判中国传统文化压抑个人,造成了中国人的奴性意识和顺从型人格,他们主张破坏传统文化,毁灭家族,提倡个性解放和人格独立,大力宣扬个人主义。个人主义思想的大力宣扬与传播,改变了“五四”一代作家的世界观与价值观,他们视个人主义为启蒙社会、解放个人的有力思想武器,于是在文学创作中,大量个人主义色彩的文学作品在“五四”时期涌现出来,从而使个人主义文学思潮成为中国现代文学的突出特征。个人主义文学从批判家族制度的罪恶、唤醒青年人的个性意识、深化创作主体的个人化生命体验、促成文体形式的变革与独创性等多个角度表现出新思想影响下创作者独特的思想意识与审美趣味,本文以中国现代文学为考察对象,对个人主义的文学思潮进行梳理、考察,深入分析个人主义文学思潮在中国现代文学中的具体呈现。中国现代个人主义文学思潮的涌现,蕴含着“五四”新一代知识分子对个性与自由的追求,个人主义文学鼓励青年一代反抗族权父权,冲出家庭追求个人自由。然而,近代中国的特殊境遇使个人主义文学思潮的发展并非一帆风顺,因为新文化运动的知识分子所宣扬的个人主义中的“个人自由”概念是建立在西方社会自由民主、权利至上等思想基础之上,并以社会制度作为保障的文化观念。而近代中国却面临着战争频仍的危难局面,革命浪潮风起云涌,民族解放的紧迫性压过了个性解放的需求,抗日战争爆发后更是使全国陷入战乱中,在民族存亡的生死关头,个人主义思想显得不合时宜,更不能挽救陷入战乱的中国,因此,个人主义此时成为被排挤、被批判的对象,个人主义文学与左翼文学、抗战文学的论争显示了个人主义在此时的尴尬处境。随着革命兴起的左翼文学更多地强调了对个人自由的限制以及个人对集体的服从,个人主义文学思潮在不断地被挤压与批判中渐渐失去了它的吸引力,以致最终退出历史舞台。论文以个人主义文学思潮在中国的发展、具体呈现以及逐渐被排挤的历程为出发点,探讨了个人主义文学思潮在中国的命运轨迹。论文主体部分共分五章,第一章首先探讨了个人主义引入中国后促成了“个人”意识的觉醒,在此基础上,个人主义文学思潮具体表现为大量作品描写了青年一代反抗家族制度和旧式包办婚姻,追求个性解放和个人幸福的觉醒行为,觉醒后的新一代青年由传统社会的伦理“人”转变为个人主义思想中的独立“个人”,论文在具体分析中尝试着从文化的角度探讨中国文化影响下的“人”与个人主义文化中“个人”的不同。第二章通过创作主体生命体验的分析,具体地考察了个人主义与创作主体生命体验之间的关系。个人主义的启蒙思想促使了“个人”意识的觉醒,创作主体因而体验到了孤独绝望、彷徨感伤以及日常闲适的个人化生命体验,从而在中国现代文学作品中呈现出了多种生命体验。第三章以个人主义与人道主义之间的关系为考察重点,尝试着分析中国现代文学中的人道主义精神所包含的个人主义思想,并指出中国现代文学中人道主义精神与个人主义之间的关系。第四章从中国现代文学中多样化的文体形式和语言的革命性变革入手,试图在文学形式的变革中探寻“自我”、“个人”等个性化的面貌,对个人主义文学思潮作进一步的思考和分析。第五章则试图以个人主义在中国的境遇为出发点,对个人主义文学在中国遭遇的各种矛盾、冲突和困境作出初步思考,并梳理了个人主义文学在与左翼文学、抗战文学的冲突中如何一步步走向边缘化的历程。
[Abstract]:Individualism, as a heterogeneous culture, has totally different value orientation from traditional Chinese culture. Individualism has individual freedom, personality liberation, personality independence and other individual-based ideas. This is fundamentally different from the "man" who emphasizes obedience as an ethical standard in traditional Chinese culture. Under the influence of individualism, the "new youth" of the May 4th New Culture Movement pointed their spears at the traditional culture with Confucianism as the mainstream ideology, criticized the Chinese traditional culture for oppressing the individual, and caused the Chinese people's. They advocate destroying traditional culture, destroying families, advocating the emancipation of individuality and the independence of personality, and vigorously promoting individualism. The vigorous promotion and dissemination of individualism changed the world outlook and values of the writers of the "May 4th" generation. They regarded individualism as a powerful means of enlightening society and emancipating the individual mind. Thus, in literary creation, a large number of individualistic literary works emerged during the May 4th Movement, which made the trend of individualistic literature a prominent feature of modern Chinese literature. Experiencing, contributing to the transformation and originality of literary forms, and so on, reveals the unique ideological consciousness and aesthetic interest of the writers under the influence of new ideas. This paper, taking modern Chinese literature as an object of study, combs and inspects the literary trend of individualism, and analyzes the concrete presentation of the literary trend of individualism in modern Chinese literature. The emergence of modern Chinese individualist literature contains the pursuit of individuality and freedom by the new generation of intellectuals during the May 4th Movement. Individualist literature encourages the younger generation to resist patriarchy and rush out of the family to pursue individual freedom. However, the special situation in modern China has made the development of individualist literature not smooth, because of the fact that it is not a smooth sailing. The concept of "individual freedom" in the individualism advocated by the intellectuals of the New Culture Movement is based on the Western ideas of freedom and democracy, the supremacy of rights, and the social system as the guarantee of the cultural concept. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the whole country was plunged into war. At the critical moment of the nation's survival and death, individualism seemed out of date and could not save China from war. Therefore, individualism became the object of being excluded and criticized, individualism literature and left-wing literature, and anti-Japanese war writing. With the rise of revolutionary left-wing literature, which emphasizes more on the restriction of individual freedom and individual obedience to the collective, the trend of individualist literature gradually loses its attraction in the process of constant extrusion and criticism, and eventually withdraws from the historical stage. Starting from the development, concrete presentation and gradual exclusion of the trend of thought in China, this paper discusses the fate of the trend of thought in China. The main body of the paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter discusses the awakening of "individual" consciousness after the introduction of individualism into China. On this basis, individualism The literary trend of thought is manifested in a large number of works describing the awakening behavior of the younger generation against the family system and the old-fashioned arranged marriage in pursuit of individual emancipation and personal happiness. After the awakening, the new generation of younger generation has changed from the traditional ethical "human" to the independent "individual" in the individualistic thought. The paper tries to analyze it from the specific situation. The second chapter examines the relationship between individualism and the life experience of the creative subject through the analysis of the life experience of the creative subject. Hence the experience of loneliness and despair, hesitation and sadness, as well as the individual life experience of everyday leisure, thus presenting a variety of life experiences in modern Chinese literature. Chapter Three focuses on the relationship between individualism and humanitarianism, trying to analyze the individual contained in the humanitarianism spirit in modern Chinese literature. Chapter Four begins with the revolutionary changes of the various styles and languages in modern Chinese literature, and tries to explore the individualized features of "self" and "individual" in the transformation of literary forms, and to write about the trend of thought in individualistic literature. The fifth chapter attempts to take the situation of individualism in China as the starting point, to make a preliminary reflection on the various contradictions, conflicts and predicaments that individualism literature encounters in China, and to sort out the process of how individualism literature margins step by step in the conflict with left-wing literature and anti-Japanese literature.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I206.6
，
本文编号：2182552
[Abstract]:Individualism, as a heterogeneous culture, has totally different value orientation from traditional Chinese culture. Individualism has individual freedom, personality liberation, personality independence and other individual-based ideas. This is fundamentally different from the "man" who emphasizes obedience as an ethical standard in traditional Chinese culture. Under the influence of individualism, the "new youth" of the May 4th New Culture Movement pointed their spears at the traditional culture with Confucianism as the mainstream ideology, criticized the Chinese traditional culture for oppressing the individual, and caused the Chinese people's. They advocate destroying traditional culture, destroying families, advocating the emancipation of individuality and the independence of personality, and vigorously promoting individualism. The vigorous promotion and dissemination of individualism changed the world outlook and values of the writers of the "May 4th" generation. They regarded individualism as a powerful means of enlightening society and emancipating the individual mind. Thus, in literary creation, a large number of individualistic literary works emerged during the May 4th Movement, which made the trend of individualistic literature a prominent feature of modern Chinese literature. Experiencing, contributing to the transformation and originality of literary forms, and so on, reveals the unique ideological consciousness and aesthetic interest of the writers under the influence of new ideas. This paper, taking modern Chinese literature as an object of study, combs and inspects the literary trend of individualism, and analyzes the concrete presentation of the literary trend of individualism in modern Chinese literature. The emergence of modern Chinese individualist literature contains the pursuit of individuality and freedom by the new generation of intellectuals during the May 4th Movement. Individualist literature encourages the younger generation to resist patriarchy and rush out of the family to pursue individual freedom. However, the special situation in modern China has made the development of individualist literature not smooth, because of the fact that it is not a smooth sailing. The concept of "individual freedom" in the individualism advocated by the intellectuals of the New Culture Movement is based on the Western ideas of freedom and democracy, the supremacy of rights, and the social system as the guarantee of the cultural concept. After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the whole country was plunged into war. At the critical moment of the nation's survival and death, individualism seemed out of date and could not save China from war. Therefore, individualism became the object of being excluded and criticized, individualism literature and left-wing literature, and anti-Japanese war writing. With the rise of revolutionary left-wing literature, which emphasizes more on the restriction of individual freedom and individual obedience to the collective, the trend of individualist literature gradually loses its attraction in the process of constant extrusion and criticism, and eventually withdraws from the historical stage. Starting from the development, concrete presentation and gradual exclusion of the trend of thought in China, this paper discusses the fate of the trend of thought in China. The main body of the paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter discusses the awakening of "individual" consciousness after the introduction of individualism into China. On this basis, individualism The literary trend of thought is manifested in a large number of works describing the awakening behavior of the younger generation against the family system and the old-fashioned arranged marriage in pursuit of individual emancipation and personal happiness. After the awakening, the new generation of younger generation has changed from the traditional ethical "human" to the independent "individual" in the individualistic thought. The paper tries to analyze it from the specific situation. The second chapter examines the relationship between individualism and the life experience of the creative subject through the analysis of the life experience of the creative subject. Hence the experience of loneliness and despair, hesitation and sadness, as well as the individual life experience of everyday leisure, thus presenting a variety of life experiences in modern Chinese literature. Chapter Three focuses on the relationship between individualism and humanitarianism, trying to analyze the individual contained in the humanitarianism spirit in modern Chinese literature. Chapter Four begins with the revolutionary changes of the various styles and languages in modern Chinese literature, and tries to explore the individualized features of "self" and "individual" in the transformation of literary forms, and to write about the trend of thought in individualistic literature. The fifth chapter attempts to take the situation of individualism in China as the starting point, to make a preliminary reflection on the various contradictions, conflicts and predicaments that individualism literature encounters in China, and to sort out the process of how individualism literature margins step by step in the conflict with left-wing literature and anti-Japanese literature.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：I206.6
，
本文编号：2182552
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