经颅聚焦超声治疗的研究进展

发布时间：2018-02-26 22:28

本文关键词： 聚焦超声磁共振成像颅内疾病血脑屏障　出处：《重庆医科大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：聚焦超声(Focused Ultrasound, FUS)是一种新兴的无创治疗技术。由于颅骨的遮挡以及缺乏有效的影像引导,聚焦超声在颅内的应用一度受到很大的限制。近年来随着超声相控阵技术的发展,聚焦超声克服了颅骨厚度不均所致的焦点漂移,使得超声穿透颅骨后能够形成稳定且精准的焦点。磁共振成像技术也为聚焦超声治疗颅内疾病提供了可靠的影像学引导,尤其是磁共振测温可用于组织消融程度的监控。由于聚焦超声技术有别于传统外科手术,可在无创的前提下消融颅内病灶组织,在脑肿瘤及其他一些功能性神经系统疾病方面具有广阔的发展前景与优势。目前已有较多基础实验及临床试验证实了其有效性与安全性。聚焦超声联合微泡造影剂能够靶向、可逆、安全、无创地开放血脑屏障,提高中枢神经系统的药物浓度,为颅内疾病的化疗、基因治疗、免疫治疗、干细胞治疗等提供良好的平台。此外,FUS在脑血管疾病等其他方面的应用也有很大潜力。本文就经颅聚焦超声的发展现状及应用前景做一综述。
[Abstract]:Focused Ultrasound (fuse) is a new noninvasive treatment technology. Because of skull occlusion and lack of effective image guidance, the application of focused ultrasound in intracranial is limited. Focused ultrasound overcomes the focal drift caused by uneven skull thickness, and makes it possible to form a stable and accurate focus after penetrating the skull. Magnetic resonance imaging provides reliable imaging guidance for the treatment of intracranial diseases by focused ultrasound. In particular, magnetic resonance thermometry can be used to monitor the extent of tissue ablation. It has broad prospects and advantages in brain tumors and other functional nervous system diseases. At present, it has been proved to be effective and safe by many basic experiments and clinical trials. Focused ultrasound combined with microbubble contrast agents can be targeted. Reversible, safe and noninvasive opening of the blood-brain barrier, raising the concentration of drugs in the central nervous system, including chemotherapy, gene therapy, and immunotherapy for intracranial diseases. In addition, the application of FUS in cerebrovascular diseases and other fields has great potential. In this paper, the present situation and application prospect of transcranial focused ultrasound (TIFU) are reviewed.
【学位授予单位】：重庆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R454.3

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