顾及地表汇水分析的城市DEM构建

发布时间：2018-01-04 17:21

本文关键词：顾及地表汇水分析的城市DEM构建　出处：《地球信息科学学报》2016年12期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：城市暴雨内涝是城市最普遍的自然灾害之一。受城市复杂下垫面环境的影响,城市暴雨积水具有响应时间短、淹没速度快的特点。数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)是城市地表汇水分析的关键,是暴雨积水分析的基础,而传统方法构建的DEM不能满足复杂下垫面环境下城市暴雨积水淹没分析的需求。本文以构建顾及地表汇水分析的城市DEM为目的,提出基于多源数据融合思想和地形修正思想的DEM构建方法,即将数字摄影测量技术构建的大范围DEM与车载激光扫描技术构建的城市道路高精度DEM相融合,再利用影响雨水汇流路径的建筑物、水系等要素对DEM进行修正的构建方法。本文以北京市海淀区公主坟地区为例进行研究,结果表明该方法构建的DEM在道路区域高程精度可达厘米级,实现了对城市道路易积水区域的重点表达,基于该DEM的汇水分析结果基本符合城市下垫面汇水特点,因此,本文构建的DEM适用于城市道路、桥区汇水路径分析和积水淹没分析。
[Abstract]:City waterlogging is one of the most common natural disasters in city. The city complex under the influence of surface environment, city storm water has a short response time, submerged speed. Digital elevation model (Digital Elevation Model, DEM) is the key of city surface catchment, is the basis of rain water analysis, and traditional the construction method of DEM can not satisfy the complicated surface environment of city storm water flooded the analysis demand. This paper focuses on the construction of the city of DEM for surface catchment analysis for the purpose of constructing terrain correction and fusion method of ideological thoughts of DEM based on multi-source data fusion, the digital photogrammetry technology to build large-scale construction of DEM vehicle laser scanning technology in city road of high precision DEM, the influence of rain flow path of buildings, water and other factors to construct the correction method of DEM. This paper takes Beijing Haidian District city Gongzhufen area as an example, the results show that the method of constructing DEM in Road area elevation accuracy can reach centimeter level, realize the city road easy water area key expression, results analysis of the DEM catchment basically meets the city underlying surface catchment characteristics, based on the result, the DEM is suitable for City road. The bridge area catchment path analysis and water flooding analysis.

【作者单位】：国家海洋环境预报中心;首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院;北京城市环境过程与数字模拟国家重点实验室培育基地;三维信息获取与应用教育部重点实验室;资源环境与地理信息系统北京市重点实验室;
【基金】：城市典型区域不均匀沉降信息获取与机理研究(2012CB723403)
【分类号】：P208;P426.616;TU992
【正文快照】： 1引言近年来,随着城市化进程的不断加快,人类活动在改变土地利用方式、优化资源开发模式、提高社会生产力的同时,也不可避免地改变了城市下垫面环境,使天然状态下的产汇流模式和水文循环过程发生了巨大变化。以京津冀为代表的城市由于下垫面发生巨大变化而引起暴雨积水事件频

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